2024 ATI Med Surg Exam 1 New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and 100% Correct Answers Question 1: The nurse is providing preoperative education to a client at high risk for breast cancer who is scheduled for an incisional biopsy is being done instead of excisional biopsy. Which answer by the nurse is appropriate? A. “An incisional biopsy is performed because it is known to be less painful and more accurate than other forms of testing. B. “An incisional biopsy is performed to confirm a diagnosis and so that special studies can be done that will help determine the best treatment” C. “An incisional biopsy is performed to assess the potential for recovery from a mastectomy.” D. “An incisional biopsy is performed on clients who are younger than age 40 and who are otherwise healthy.” E. “An incisional biopsy is performed on clients who are younger than age 40 and who are otherwise healthy.” Show correct answer and explanation Explanation “An incisional biopsy is performed to confirm a diagnosis and so that special studies can be done that will help determine the best treatment” The appropriate answer is b because an incisional biopsy is typically performed to obtain a tissue sample from a suspicious mass to confirm a diagnosis and to help determine the best treatment approach. It is not performed primarily to assess potential for recovery or to select a less painful or more accurate test, nor is it limited to a specific age group or health status. The nurse should provide accurate and relevant information to the client to help them understand the purpose and benefits of the proced ure, and to alleviate any concerns or fears they may have. Question 2: The nurse is caring for a client who has just had a radical mastectomy and axillary node dissection. When providing teaching to the client, which is the most appropriate? A. Avoid exercise of the arm for the next 2 months. B. Avoid exercise of the arm for the next 2 months. C. Avoid lifting objects heavier than 10 pounds. D. Use a sling until healing is complete Show correct answer and explanation Explanation After a radical mastectomy and axillary node dissection, the client may experience swelling and discomfort in the a ffected arm, known as lymphedema. Lifting heavy objects with the a ffected arm can worsen the swelling and increase the risk of developing lymphedema. Therefore, it is important for the client to avoid lifting heavy objects with the a ffected arm and to limit activity that could cause strain or injury to the arm. However, gentle exercise and movement of the arm can help improve circulation and reduce the risk of lymphedema. Using a sling is not typically necessary after this type of surge ry, and keeping cuticles clipped neatly is not directly related to post -operative care for a mastectomy and axillary node dissection. Question 3: The nurse is caring for a client with ovarian cancer. The client is to receive chemotherapy consisting of A. paclitaxel and carboplatin. For What adverse e ffect of this treatment should the nurse look out for? B. Leukopenia C. Metabolic acidosis D. Hyperphosphatemia E. Respiratory alkalosis Show correct answer and explanation Explanation The nurse should look out for leukopenia, which is a common adverse e ffect of chemotherapy drugs like paclitaxel and carboplatin. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the body, which can increase the risk of infections. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client's white blood cell cou nt regularly during chemotherapy and report any significant changes to the healthcare provider. Metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and respiratory alkalosis are not typically associated with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. Question 4: A nurse is preparing a presentation about contraception for a young adult community group. Which is the most e ffective means of contraception? A. Intrauterine device (IUD) B. Intervaginal contraceptive ring C. Transdermal contraceptive patch D. Male Condom
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