4 elements of Theory - • Person
• Health
• Environment
• Nursing
Leinenger - o Transcultural care
o Culturally sensitive care is essence of nurisng
Orem - o Self care
o Nurses should help people meet self-care demands
Parse - o Becoming
o Shared thoughts
Pender - o Health promotio...
o Educate patient, family, and community on health issues
,• Counselor or psychotherapist
o Assist pt in developing adaptive coping skills
o PMHNP role should be focused on this role
Mild Anxiety - ✔✔• Tension from day-to-day living
• Not perceived as problematic
• Adaptive and necessary for survival
Moderate Anxiety - ✔✔• Confusional state with selective attention
• Inability to concentrate
• Learning impaired
• Perceptions distorted
• Muscular tension increases
• Use of defense mechanism
• Behavioral manifestations
o Eating
o Alcohol/drugs
o Sleeping
o Exercise
o Smoking
o Emotional
o social
• Somatic Manifestations
o Pain
o GI
, o Immunological
o CV/Respiratory
o GU
Severe Anxiety - ✔✔• Diminished concentration
• Attention severely limited
• Inability to learn effectively
• Physiological, somatic s/s increase
• Behavior aimed at relieving anxiety
• Response not proportionate to danger or threat
• Continue beyond potential danger
• Intellectual, cognitive, social, or occupational impairment
• Neurosis
Panic - ✔✔• Inability to understand simple directions
• CV mortality potential
• SI
• Inability to differentiate between internal environment and external reality:
o Delusions/hallucinations
o Impairment of interpersonal functioning
o Impaired ability to communicate
Rogers - ✔✔o Unitary human being
o Needs other than chief complaint
• Social
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