1. Nature Development: Preprogrammed timetable, biological
maturation, neural migration
2. Nurture development: Experience, culture
3. Altricial: hatched or born in an undeveloped state and requiring care
and feeding by the parents.
4. Precocial: Offspring that can walk, run, swim, and feed themselves at
birth
5. newborn reflexes: inborn automatic response to a particular form of
stimulation that all healthy babies are born with
6. survival reflexes: inborn responses such as breathing, sucking, and
swallowing that enable the newborn to adapt to the environment.
Prenatal breathing, sucking, swallowing, blinking, rooting (turn your
head and suck), swallowing, pupillary
7. Primitive Reflexes: reflexes, controlled by "primitive" parts of the
brain, that disappear during the first year of life Moro, tonic neck,
stepping, grasping, babinski, swimming
8. Dynamic Systems Theory: Development should be understood in
terms of a complex interaction of physical, environment, and
perceptual factors
Actions can be influenced by bodily
mechanics Actions need to be
coordinated
9. Social Reflex: Imitation in facial expressions, babies good at imitating
10.Mirror Neurons: Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing
certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's
mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning,
and empathy. re
11.Motor Milestones: Motor behaviors that emerge over timeidentified
and a according to the average age at which children
develop and demons skills or physical attributes.
12.Coordination: Object to other object, object to body, body to other
body parts. Very difficult. Infants must calibrate across constant
change.
13.Early Theories of Coordination: Berkely believed that trial and error
1/
, PSYCH 350 EXAM 2 – QUESTIONS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS
learning by associations built up gradually built between eye and hand.
Later disproved through experiments.
14.biological maturation: physical growth
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