Exam (elaborations)
HEALTH SCIENCE REASONING TEST (HSRT) 2024
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- Devry University
HSRT-HEALTH SCIENCE REASONING TEST HEALTH SCIENCE REASONING TEST (HSRT) 2024 What is a logical fallacy
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HEALTH SCIENCE REASONING TEST (HSRT) 2024 Assumption -A claim that is accepted as the truth without sufficient evidence Inference -When someone is making an inference, they are coming to a conclusion which is based on evidence, which in turn brings the individual to their conclusion. The conclusion however isn't explicit, but rather implied from the evidence. Inferences are different to assumptions because they are based on some evidence. However, inferences aren't always correct, and shouldn't be accepted as truth. Definite ly true -Given all the information in the passage, it is certainly the case that this inference is correct Probably true -Given all the information in the passage, it is likely that the inference is correct. However, it is not guaranteed. Insufficient data t o say whether it is true or false -Given all of the information in the passage, it is impossible to say whether the inferences is true or false Probably false -Given all of the information in the passage, it is likely that the inference is incorrect. However, it is not guaranteed. Definitely false -Given all of the information in the passage, it is impossible for the statement to be correct. Interpretations -Simila r to inferences, but focus on whether a conclusion logically follows from a statement. For example, if it's made clear that there can only be white and black swan in the world, an interpretation o this statement would be that there's no such thing as a gre en swan. Deductions -Similar to interpretations, but are stricter in their logical format. Valid deductive arguments are arguments which, if all premises are true, then the conclusion cannot be false. Example: Premise 1: The book is on the shelf Premise 2: If the book is on the shelf, then it isn't on the floor. Conclusion: The book is not on the floor. Evaluations -Determine how strong an argument is by comparing it to the information its based on. What constitutes a strong or weak argument usually depends o n how relevant the argument is, how well supported it is by the statement, and whether or not it avoids argumentative fallacies. What is a logical fallacy? -A statement that is given as support but is really an error in reasoning Strawman -Misrepresenting so meone's argument to make it easier to attack Slippery slope -This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B, C,..., X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. Example: If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers. Hasty generalization -This is a conclusion based on insu fficient or biased statement. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. Example: Even though it's only the first day, I can tell this is going to be a boring course. Appeal to emotion -Manipulating an emotional r esponse in place of a valid or compelling argument False cause -A category of informal fallacies in which a cause is incorrectly identified. For example: "Every time I go to sleep, the sun goes down. Ambiguity -An event or situation that may be interpreted i n more than one way Abstract reasoning -Pondering a deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal Inductive reasoning -A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations Non-verbal Reasoning -Objective information When were the twins the same? When were they different? -The twins were the same until they were teenagers , from there on different What are the three factors hypothesized that contribute to an individual's health and well -being? Nurture - based on your lifestyle and environment including diet, rearing, and educat ion Nature - Your genes, eye color, hair color etc Epigenetics Describe and give examples of epigenetics. Epigentics - heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence Examples - How genes are weakened or strengthened, immune systems, how to build muscle What are the implicati ons of epigenetics for medicine? Appearance of tags can help scie ntist discover the cause of illness that cannot be explained by DNA or genetic mutations alone, Cancer shown to be linked by different DNA methylation on certain genes What benefits are there when using a DNA microarray over a genetic marker such as an STR ? Faster and can identify the genes associated with diseased tissue, also tells intensity Why might a researcher want to know what genes are being expressed in different cell types? To identify which DNA is active and to see if there is a risk for disease How might the information from a DNA microarray to be used to develop new drugs to treat disease? Tell which genes are responsible to that disease What was the downfall of traditional sampling of an environment? Only the most abundant species would be isol ated and cultured What is the biggest challenge in shotgun sequencing that is being met by software developers? The large data set that can take up to half a terabyte of data What was learned from: The guts of various species of mammals (the results showed ). The diet of the mammal not the specific mammal determine the microorganismsThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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