Summary OCR A-Level History, Russia and Its Rulers - Breadth Study, Russia, Empire, Nationalities, and the Satellite States
51 views 3 purchases
Course
Russia and Its Rulers
Institution
OCR
OCR A-Level History, Russia and Its Rulers - Breadth Study, Russia, Empire, Nationalities, and the Satellite States, including background and definitions, political freedoms, economic freedoms, social freedoms.
Russia: Empire, Nationalities, and Satellite States
Background and Definitions
• The Russian Empire changed in extent and composition over the period 1855 to 1964
• Expansionism and Russification led to an increase in Russia influence
• Wars and revolution often led to shrinkage in Empire
• Russian leaders either dealt with nationalist uprisings by force, or by making concessions
• Issues that hit Russia (public health concerns, famine, drought, punishment, repression)
usually applied to national minorities and satellite states too
National Minorities:
• Main minority groups came from Poland, Finland, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, and
the Baltic Provinces (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania)
• Russian Jews were also a minority group, although limited to the Pale Settlement
• Minorities were significant – they outnumbered the ‘Great Russians’ in the Empire
Satellite States:
• A country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military
influence or control from another country
• Soviet satellite states were Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, East
Germany, Yugoslavia, and Albania
Russification:
• Russification – the process whereby non-Russian regions were drawn more securely into
the framework of the Empire/USSR
o This involved administrative integration and imposition of Russia language, education
system, religion, and culture
o This policy was abolished under the Communists who believed nations should develop
in their own way
o However, in the long run, they assumed all nations would give way to the international
proletarian republic
55
, Political Freedoms – Government, Constitution, Independence
Ruler Positive Changes Negative Changes
• War Minister Milyutin wanted polish gentry
• Alex liked the Finns and granted them
Alex II and officials to be purged (believed they had
their own parliament, as well as
(1855 – lost support and control). Russian officials
providing them with some leniency
1881) were brought in to carry out administration
regarding policies
and governance at grassroot levels
• Jews were totally stripped of their
independence under Alex III – laws placed
heavy restrictions on them
• Russian troops and officials ran Poland – this
Alex III led to increased opposition from nationalists
(1881 – (known as Proletariat) – it was discovered in
1894) 1885 and leaders were executed
• Socialist leader Pilsudski was exiled to Siberia
in 1887
• Alex attacked the administration and judicial
systems of the Baltic States
• After the 1907 electoral law, Asian Muslim
representation was disallowed
• Jews accused of murder of boy Andrei
Yustshinsky – anti-Jewish pamphlets spread
• The All-Russian Muslim League
– considered fashionable amongst elites and
Nicholas II appeared and gained representation in
officials who became further anti-Semitic
(1894 – the first Duma (although after 1907)
• 37 right-wing Duma deputies including
1917) • Poles, Armenians, Jews, Georgians, and
priests sign petition to bring justice to
others were elected to the Duma
‘criminal sect of Jews’ – trial of Beiliss
found he was guilty (even though he was
innocent) – corruption of attorneys, judges,
politicians, doctors etc.
• The PG failed to maintain authority
over the empire because it focused to
much on political, social, and economic
issues in Petrograd and Moscow –
• However, it didn’t call for complete
therefore Russification (which
Provisional autonomy – it set up a Special Committee to
effectively died with the Tsar) and
Government handle relations with the Trans-Caucasus
repression to the degree of Tsarist
region after national uprisings took place
leaders lessened
• However, local soviets were formed in
Estonia and Latvia which undermined
these committees
• However, he banned all other parties (one-
Lenin • Communist constitutions appeared to
party state) and quashed threats to his
(1917 – be more sensitive to Muslim
power, leading to increased suppression of
1924) populations
minorities
56
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anish24shah. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.77. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
