Summary
Summary of Chemical Biotechnology
- Course
- Institution
Summary of chemical biotechnology from the assignments, slides and lectures
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
MSTsamenvattingen
Content preview
Chemische BiotechnologieSamenvatting
4052CHBIO
,Chapter 2 nutrients needed for microbial growth
Cell dry mass is obtained by putting the wet mass in an oven to remove both extra- and intracellular
water by heating.
Cell organic dry mass = cell dry mass – ash (inorganic mass)
- Dry mass of cells: organic + inorganic
Cell composition
Organic: C, H, O, N
- Lipids: membrane: selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules
- Polymers: DNA, RNA, protein
- Carbohydrates: cell wall, storage of energy
- Small organic molecules: active sites of enzymes: vitamins
Inorganic
- Sulphur: proteins
- Phosphate: DNA/RNA
- Macro metal ions: K+, Mg2+
- Trace metals: Fe2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, W, Mo: active sites of enzymes
Element composition of dry biomass/one-carbon-mol formula: C, O, H, N
C1HXOYNZ
Fraction biomass: 1x12 + Xx1 + Yx16 + Zx14 = … gorganic x / molx
Transport in the medium
- Biosynthetic network = anabolism = assimilation
The energy needed is produced in catabolism in the form of ATP
Molecules are coupled, therefore a net input of energy is needed to drive these reactions in the
right direction → ATP is the carrier to deliver this energy
- Catabolism: generates energy and converts it in the form of ATP
Catabolic reaction: overall redox reaction = an electron donor and an electron acceptor are
consumed
Electron acceptor: accepts electrons, reduced → most common is O2, but has a low solubility
Electron donor: donates electrons, oxidized → organic compounds, many of which easily dissolve
in water
Electron donor and electron acceptor must be present in the feed stream
Always present:
- Organic compounds
Carbon source
Nitrogen source
- Electron donor (ethanol/CO2) and acceptor (O2/H2O)
- Inorganic compounds
- Charged compounds / H+
- H2O, CO2, H+
Organisms need:
- source of Gibbs energy → degrading chemical compounds (also a electron acceptor or light
energy
- electron donor
- a carbon source → organic = heterotrophic, CO2 (autotrophic)
, Chapter 3 mass balances for determination of formation rates of X, S, and P
Fermenter
1. Differential balances
• Indicates what is happening at an instant time
• Balance equation is a rate (rate of input/output, rate of generation)
• Convenient for a steady state process (requires continuous operation
2. Integral balances
• Indicates what happens between two instants of time
• Balance equation is an amount of the balanced quantity
• Convenient for a dynamic process, like a batch operation, with the two instants of time
being the moment after the input takes place and the moment before the product is
withdrawn
Ideal mixing Case where ci,out > ci
• Broth: ci,out = ci Not ideally mixed
• Gas phase: yi,out = yi Non-ideal broth outflow
General balance: accumulation = R + in – out + T
1. Differential balances → Chemostat (steady-state)
Total mass/broth balance: conservation of mass for the whole system
0 = 𝐹𝑚,𝑖𝑛 − 𝐹𝑚,𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑇𝑁,𝑂 𝑀𝑤,𝑂2 ∙ 10−3 + 𝑇𝑁,𝑁𝐻3 𝑀𝑤,𝑁𝐻3 ∙ 10−3 − 𝑇𝑁,𝐶 𝑀𝑤,𝐶𝑂2 ∙ 10−3 − 𝑇𝑁,𝑤 𝑀𝑤,𝐻2𝑂 ∙ 10−3
𝑁𝑥 𝑅𝑝
𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑀 = → 𝑁𝑥 =
𝑐𝑥 𝑞𝑝
Total gas balance in steady state [mol gas/h]:
0 = 𝐹𝑁,𝑖𝑛 − 𝐹𝑁,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑁,𝑂 + 𝑇𝑁,𝐶 (+𝑇𝑁,𝑊 − 𝑇𝑁,𝑁 )
Volume balance:
Fin + FpH = Fout
Assumption: same/constant density, no mass difference between gas in and out
Fout > Fin
• pH titrant addition
• different composition
• different density
• different condition (e.g T, P)
Calculate minimum feed concentration: Fout = 0
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller MSTsamenvattingen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.93. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now