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Edexcel IAL Biology Unit 1 Topic 1 Exam Questions and Answers.
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Edexcel IAL Biology Unit 1 Topic 1 Exam Questions and Answers.
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Edexcel IAL Biology Unit 1 Topic 1 ExamQuestions and Answers.
Monosaccharide Answer - single sugar unit
Examples of Monosaccarides Answer - 1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose
Disaccharides Answer - Two sugar units
Examples of Disaccharides Answer - 1. Maltose
2. Lactose
3. Sucrose
Maltose is made up of... Answer - alpha Glucose + alpha Glucose = 1,4 glycosidic bond
Lactose is made up of... Answer - Galactose + B glucose = 1.4 glycosidic bond
Sucrose is made up of... Answer - Fructose + Glucose = 1,2 glycosidic bond
Polysaccharides Answer - Containing three or more sugar units
Examples of Polysaccharides Answer - 1. Amylose
2. Glycogen
3. Amylopectin
Amylose Answer - lots of alpha glucose molecules joined together by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
Amylopectin Answer - 1,6 and 1,4 glycosidic bonds, has side branches
Glycogen Answer - Made of many monomers of alpha glucose, with 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
Many side branches
Fatty acids Answer - 1 Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Distinguish between the structure of a unsaturated and a saturated fatty acid Answer - 1. Saturated fatty acids have no carbon-carbon double bonds, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon-carbon double bond 2. Saturated fatty acid chains are straight, whereas unsaturated fatty acid chains are not
straight
Factors affecting diffusion Answer - 1. Surface area to volume ratio
2. Concentration gradient
3. Temperature
Blood clotting Answer - 1. Damage to blood vessels exposes collagen fibers
2. Platelets are activated by the collagen fibers and change their shape, causing them to stick to the damaged wall temporarily. 3. Platelets release a protein Thromboplastin
4. Thromboplastin, activates a series of enzymes that... in the presence of Calcium ions and Vitamin K, convert the protein Prothrombin into the enzyme Thrombin
5. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into souluble fibrin
6. When many fibrin molecues stick together, a mesh is formed, which traps other platelets and red blood cells.
Thromboplastin is a... Answer - Protein
Prothrombin is a... Answer - inactive enzyme
Thrombin is an... Answer - active Enzyme
Fibrinogen is... Answer - soluble
Fibrin is... Answer - insoluble
Athleresclorosis Answer - 1. Damage to endothelium by an irritant
2. Inflammatory response occurs
White blood cells/Macrophages move to the site of infection causing atheroma formation
3. Calcium salts and fibrous tisue builds up at the site, forming a hard plaque on the inner wall of the artery
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