CGSC 1001 -404 Final Exam Review Questions And Answers|66 Pages
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Course
CGSC
Institution
CGSC
Cognitive system - ️️Anything that takes input from the environment and creates an output to effect that environment
Why do we have mortality? - ️️It evolved to help us take care of other people in our own groups (not others)
Anchoring - ️️What you compare to when you evaluate. Re...
Cognitive system - ✔ ✔ Anything that takes input from the environment and creates an output to effect that environment Why do we have mortality? - ✔ ✔ It evolved to help us take care of other people in our own groups (not others) Anchoring - ✔ ✔ What you compare to when you evaluate. Restaurants put expensive things on menu to make other things seem reasonable. A good life in Ottawa vs. in the Congo Environment - ✔ ✔ Effects the cognitive system through perception Self-interest - ✔ ✔ Only caring about y ourself and your family - animals have these instincts for gene preservation Contrast/context effect - ✔ ✔ Observing 2 things at once makes you focus on their differences. So men looking at photos of beautiful women will then rate their wife as less attra ctive Perception - ✔ ✔ The term for how a cognitive system gets it's input by transforming things from the environment to internal representations Friendship - ✔ ✔ Caring for the historical cooperation of partners - sharing of among chimps Distinction b ias - ✔ ✔ Things appear more different when viewed simultaneously Action - ✔ ✔ The term for the output that a cognitive system creates to effect the environment Tribalism - ✔ ✔ Having an "us" vs. "them" mentality where you only care for "us" (ethnocentri sm). The morals that humans took. Bandwagon effect - ✔ ✔ Believe things because everyone believes the same thing. Why cults keep you from talking to people not in the cult. Herd instinct - ✔ ✔ Believing what everyone else does to avoid social conflict (b eing vegan because your boyfriend is) Common -sense mortality - ✔ ✔ Caring about all people and or creatures - requires abstract reasoning and values Distributed cognition - ✔ ✔ Multiple cognitive systems can come together to form a group which completes a task Cognition - ✔ ✔ The manipulation or storage of representations like making reminders or your name Prisoner's dilemma game results - ✔ ✔ When forced to play quickly, people are more likely to cooperate Hostile media effect - ✔ ✔ When you watch the news, you tend to think they are hostile to your political views How representations are stored in memory in animals, software, and distributed systems? - ✔ ✔ Animals = long -term or short -term and in the brain Software = databases and symbols Distribut ed system = paper, brain, disk, environment manipulation Deontology - ✔ ✔ An emotional reaction caused by a dislike of "getting our hands dirty" Utilitarianism - ✔ ✔ A rational, utilitarian calculus which makes switch cases permissible Footbridge/Trolle y - ✔ ✔ There are 2 competing systems for our moral considerations: utilitarianism and deontology Endowment effect/Loss aversion - ✔ ✔ People demand more to give up an object than they were willing to pay to get it. Owning something makes it more valuable to you. The different ways to describe memory - ✔ ✔ Can be described as either biologically (location) or functionally (long -term vs. short -term) Temporal discounting - ✔ ✔ Valuing things in the future less than things now. Moral credential effect/self -licensing/moral licensing - ✔ ✔ Thinking of yourself as having acted morally can make you allow yourself to behave badly. People compensate to reach equilibrium Sensory memory - ✔ ✔ Type of memory where new perceptions re -write it every few seconds Shor t term memory - ✔ ✔ Type of memory where it is stored for a temporary period of time before being forgotten or stored forever Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory - ✔ ✔ Care/Harm Liberty/Oppression Authority/Subversion Fairness/Cheating Loyalty/Betrayal Sanct ity/Degradation Risk compensation - ✔ ✔ Seatbelts, bike helmets, dietary supplements, etc. Long term memory - ✔ ✔ Type of memory that is stored forever Disgust - ✔ ✔ We judge people who disgust us more harshly for purity -related moral infractions (being clean, tipping a server, etc.) Police are more likely to arrest obese people for purity related crimes like drugs, prostitution, and lewdness Confirmation bias - ✔ ✔ Accepting, seeking out, and remembering things that support your views. Workspace model - ✔ ✔ Working memory is a buffer that shuffles memories pulling out certain memories when they are to be recalled, and it can hold about 4 -5 memories at a time Moral dumfounding - ✔ ✔ A mutual feeling that something is immoral, however, people generally cannot explain why (man having intercourse with ready -to-cook chicken then eating it) Negativity bias - ✔ ✔ People pay more attention to negative information because it's evolutionarily important Omission bias - ✔ ✔ Thinking that doing harm is worse than not doing something that causes equal harm
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