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Irene Gold Biochemistry – Questions & Answers
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Irene Gold Biochemistry – Questions & AnswersHow many amino acids are there ✔️Ans - 20
Building blocks of protein ✔️Ans - Amino acids
Amino acids differ from each other because they each contain a different __
______ ✔️Ans - R group
All amino acids are in L-form except for ✔️Ans - Glycine - no chiral carbon
All amino acids can act as an acid or base - this is called ✔️Ans -
Amphoteric
Name all essential amino acids (10) ✔️Ans - Phenylalanine, valine,
tryptophan
Threonine, iloleucine, methionine
Histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine
(PVT TIM HALL)
What amino acid is essential in children but not in adults ✔️Ans -
Histidine
What essential amino acids are purely ketogenic ✔️Ans - Leucine and
lycine
What amino acid is a precursor to carnitine ✔️Ans - Lysine
Function of carnitine ✔️Ans - Takes FA into mitochondria for beta-
oxidation
What amino acids are aromatic ✔️Ans - Phenylalanine, tyrosine,
tryptophan
Which aromatic amino acid has an indole ring ✔️Ans - Tryptophan
Which aromatic amino acid is NOT essential ✔️Ans - Tyrosine
,What three amino acids contain sulfur ✔️Ans - Cysteine, methionine,
cystine
2 cysteines linked together is called ✔️Ans - Cystine
2 cysteines linked are linked together with what kind of bond to form cystine
✔️Ans - Disulfide bridge
Which sulfur-containing amino acid is essential ✔️Ans - Methionine
What three essential amino acids are branched-chain ✔️Ans - Valine,
leucine, isoleucine
Branched-chain amino acids are broken down in what part of the body
✔️Ans - Muscle
What disease involves not being able to bread down branched-chain amino
acids ✔️Ans - Maple syrup urine disease
Which two amino acids are acidic ✔️Ans - Aspartate and glutamate
Aspartame contains ___________ which in excess is neurotoxic ✔️Ans -
Aspartic acid
Which three essential amino acids are basic ✔️Ans - Histidine, lysine,
arginine
Basic amino acids have the greatest ________ net charge at _______ blood pH
✔️Ans - Positive net charge at normal blood pH
Limiting amino acid for wheat protein ✔️Ans - Lysine
Limiting amino acid for rice protein ✔️Ans - Lysine
Limiting amino acid for legume protein ✔️Ans - Tryptophan
Limiting amino acids for maize protein ✔️Ans - Lysine and tryptophan
Limiting amino acids for pulses ✔️Ans - Methionine and cysteine
,Limiting amino acid for egg and chicken protein ✔️Ans - NONE
What is the reference for absorbable protein ✔️Ans - Egg and chicken
Tyrosine is derived from what amino acid ✔️Ans - Phenylalanine
Deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase causes phenylketonuria (PKU) which
results in the inability to convert ✔️Ans - Phenylalanine to tyrosine
Path from tyrosine to epinephrine ✔️Ans - Tyrosine -> L-dopa ->
dopamine -> norepinephrine -> epinephrine
Path from tyrosine to melanin ✔️Ans - Tyrosine -> L-dopa -> melanin
What enzyme catalyzes tyrosine -> L-dopa ✔️Ans - Tyrosinase
What disease results if L-dopa can't be converted to melanin ✔️Ans -
Albinism
T3 and T4 are derived from what amino acid ✔️Ans - Tyrosine
Histamine is derived from what amino acid ✔️Ans - Histadine
Path from tryptophan to melatonin ✔️Ans - Tryptophan -> serotonin ->
melatonin
Path from tryptophan to nicotinamide ✔️Ans - Tryptophan -> niacin ->
nicotinamide
For every 10kg of body weight we need ____g protein ✔️Ans - 8g
pH when amino acid has no net electrical charge ✔️Ans - Isoelectric point
An amino acid at its isoelectric point ✔️Ans - Zwitter ion
Tripeptide of glycine + glutamate + cysteine is called ✔️Ans - Glutathione
What mineral is important for glutathione peroxidase ✔️Ans - Selenium
, What hormone is made by 2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bond
✔️Ans - Insulin
What two hormones are examples of polypeptide compounds ✔️Ans -
Insulin and glucagon
What two hormones are examples of catecholamine compounds ✔️Ans -
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What four hormones are examples of steroid compounds ✔️Ans -
Testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone
What is the characteristic bond of all proteins ✔️Ans - Peptide bond
A peptide bond is a type of ______ bond specific for protein ✔️Ans - Amide
A peptide bond is a __-__ bond ✔️Ans - C-N bond (carboxyl-amino bond)
What enzyme catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond between the
carboxyl group + the amino group in a protein ✔️Ans - Peptidyl
transferase
Which type of protein structure is a linear sequence of amino acids ✔️Ans -
Primary
Which type of protein structure contains alpha-helices and beta-pleated
sheets ✔️Ans - Secondary
Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are held together by __________ bonds
✔️Ans - Hydrogen bonds
Which type of protein structure contains a polypeptide backbone ✔️Ans -
Secondary
Collagen, silk, and 2 DNA strands held together are all examples of what type
of protein structure ✔️Ans - Secondary
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