Reviewer of laboratory experiment on the Methods of Separation and Purification
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Course
IOCHEM14B
Institution
University Of Negros Occidental-Recoletos
This reviewer will let you see and understand the laboratory experiment on Methods of Separation and Purification, employing various procedures such as distillation, filtration, and chromatography.
INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 14B - LABORATORY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL RECOLETOS
METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Organic compounds are isolated either from natural sources or from reactions
and mixtures
These compounds are rarely pure forms
Impurities = contaminants can be small amounts of other compounds found to
exist together and formed during the reaction
Why is it important to separate and purify organic compounds?
To characterize and identify properties of different compounds
Check the purity of a compound
Separate desired analytes (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) from a compound to
be further studied and tested
To clear undesired contaminants from a potential sample
PURIFICATION - process used to remove the unwanted impurities
METHODS OF PURIFICATION
1. FILTRATION
a) Crystallization
i. Simple
ii. Fractional
, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 14B - LABORATORY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL RECOLETOS
refers to the most advanced & cutting edge processes for isolation,
purification, and separation of organic compounds.
FILTRATION PHASE
A solvent is used to separate an insoluble solid component from a soluble
component
Selective filtration depends on the characteristics of the solvent
Temperature
Example:
Napthalene (non-polar) and urea (polar)
Solvent = WATER
Urea is soluble in water, napthalene is insoluble
Urea dissolves in water, leaving behind urea + water mixture
Urea is extracted through water evaporation
I. SOLUTION AND FILTRATION
Principle:
Insoluble compounds can be extracted using basic principles of solubility
Two Ways:
1. Add the solvent that is soluble with the molecule that you want to extract
a) Use heat, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and other methods
utilizing the boiling point, freezing point, and other colligative properties of
the solvent or the solute
2. Conversely, add the solvent that is insoluble with the molecule that you want to
extract and similarly use the colligative properties of the compound to filter out
the insoluble material
What to expect:
NaCl will dissolve in water and will leave behind benzoic acid residue on the
filter paper
Benzoic acid will dissolve in ethanol and will leave behind NaCl residue on the
filter paper
PREPARED BY: TISHA CELINE ERIKA G. OCAMPO, RMT
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