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LE5 College aantekeningen Oncology (NWI-BM015C) Hereditary Tumors
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Summary lecture hereditary tumors for the course oncology. Including figures and important subjects for the exam in bold.
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LE 5 – Hereditary tumorsNovember 24 t h , 2023
Oncogene
Growth stimulating properties
Gain of function mutations
o Activating mutation in one allele
Hardly ever basis of tumor susceptibility (exception RET >MEN2A (thyroid carcinomas)).
Activating mutations
Point mutation
Amplification
Chromosomal Translocation
Tumor suppressor genes
Gatekeepers (RB1, TP53)
o Apoptosis: programmed cell death
o Senescence: permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle
Caretakers (mismatch repair genes)
o Genome stability
Loss of function mutations
o Inactivation of both alleles at cellular level
Tumor susceptibility: inactivation of one allele in the germline
o Second hit:
Loss of wild type allele (LOH)
Epigenetic inactivation
Mutation
, The Knudson two-hit model of tumor initiation
Knudson two-hit model in unaffected individuals
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