summary of the depression lesson taught by prof. Swinnen from the clinical neuropsychology course. It is a summary of the powerpoint slides and additional items noted during the lesson. The slides were in English and my own notes are always in Dutch as much as possible. It is therefore a mix of the...
Neuropsych. SWINNEN: depressie in neurol.populations
DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION IN CNS PATIENTS
Depression is the most cited disruption in mood state following any type of brain lesion
Associated with:
- cerebrovascular accident
- tumor
- traumatic brain injury
- Alzheimer disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- multiple sclerosis,…
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS
2000: DSM-IV-TR classification of mood disorders
2013: DSM-5 classification of mood disorders
Dysthymic disorder (persistent depressive
disorder)
Major depressive disorder (single episode,
recurrent)
Bipolar disorders (manic-depressive illness,
different types
+ mood disorder due to a somatic medical
condition
1. SYMPTOMS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Chronic emptiness
Hopelessness
Fatigue
Unyielding sadness
Restlessness
No interest in hobbies
2. BIPOLAR DISORDER SYMPTOMS
Manic episodes
- Feeling overly happy for long periods of time
- Talking very fast with racing thoughts
- Becoming easily distracted
- Having overconfidence in abilities
- Engaging in risky behavior (eg gambling)
Depression episodes
- Feeling sad or hopeless for long period of time
- Significant change in appetite
- Thinking about or attempting suicide
- Feeling fatigue or lack of energy
- Problems with memory and concentration
Nala Melis Pagina 1
, Neuropsych. SWINNEN: depressie in neurol.populations
DSM CRITERIA FOR DEPRESSION OCCURRING WITH CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS
niet gerelateerd aan sterfte! -> andere
diagnose
minimaal 5 symptomen aanwezig in
tijdsspanne 2 weken
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
Brain chemistry imbalance
Drugs
Traumatic events
Stress
Female sex hormones
Genetics and biology
Poor nutrition
Physical health problems
AFFECTED AREAS OF THE BRAIN
“….the current knowledge indicates that the pathophysiology of depression may be distributed across
many brain regions and circuits”
- we weten niet juist wat er in de hersenen gebeurt
- verschillende regios zijn involved bij depressie
Onset of depression more complex than a brain chemical imbalance
- Amygdala:
part of a group of structures deep in the brain that’s associated with emotions
o such as anger, pleasure, sorrow, fear and sexual arousal.
Recalling an emotionally charged memory activates the amygdala.
Activity in the amygdala is higher when a person is sad or clinically
depressed, and this continues even after recovery from depression.
This increase in activity may actually cause the amygdala to enlarge.
- Basal ganglia:
related group of structures deep in the brain.
They are connected to and interact with structures that are closer to the
brain’s surface.
They may help facilitate movement and may be involved in memorizing, thinking, and emotional
processing.
Some studies have found shrinkage and other structural changes in the basal ganglia in people
with depression.
Nala Melis Pagina 2
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