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MN 566 Final Exam – Questions/Answers
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MN 566 Final Exam – Questions/AnswersMajor functions of small intestine ✔️Ans - -Digestive mixing
-Completes digestion of carbs, proteins, lipids, & N. acids
-absorbs 90% of nutrients
2 groups of the immune system and their characteristics ✔️Ans - Innate:
-Not cell specific
-rapid response
-No immune memory
Adaptive:
-cell specific
-slow response
-has immune memory
Where are immune cells primarily located ✔️Ans - In the peyers patches
specifically in the ileum and jejunum
what proteins does each region predominantly secrete and function of those
proteins ✔️Ans - Jejujum (discrete patches): secrete CCL28 & IL5
-CCL28: Chemokine for T & B cells (IgA); secreted by columnar epithelial cells
-IL5: produced by T helper cells; enhance recruitment of B cells (IgA), mast
cells, eosinophil cells
Ileum (long continuous patch): CCL 25 & FOXP3
-CCL25 & FOXP3: attracts T lymphocytes & cytotoxic cells
Glycocalyx and its function ✔️Ans - a protective cell barrier made up of:
-.3 um thick
-glycoproteins
-acidic mucopolysaccs.
-mucus
Functions:
1. separates microbiota from epithelial surface
2. anti-microbial proteins (cytotoxic to bacteria)
The villus ht in middle region of duodenum section of sm. int. decreases
before proximal and distal regions ✔️Ans - False
, Anoikis ✔️Ans - a form of programmed cell death in anchorage dependent
cells when they detach from surrounding cell matrix
-cells: absorptive cells, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells
most common antibody in the small intestine and its function ✔️Ans - IgA
1. specialized for neutralization of targets
2. weakly induces phagocytosis or complement system
types of epithelial cells located in small intestinal villi ✔️Ans - enterocyte
cells
enteroendocrine cells
goblet cells
Temperature and energy intake ✔️Ans - energy intake was associated
with villus ht & crypt depth rather than temperature.
-less food intake = decrease in villus ht & crypt depth (presence of nutrients
determines maintenance of the intestine
However the effects of low energy intake are enhanced at lower temperatures
which would then decrease the intestinal structure
Inflammation of intestinal mucosa occurs when bacteria get too close to the
intestinal lining ✔️Ans - True
Functions of goblet cell secretions ✔️Ans - protect from microbiota
pH (prevent too much acidity)
attract innate immune cells
Growth of the ( ) region of the intestine is correlated with feed intake and
growth ✔️Ans - jejunum
Explain how damage/injury influences stem cells in the crypt and how the
crypt adapts ✔️Ans - +4 CBC cell has some kind of resistance to chemical
damage while the other CBC cell such as the EC, goblet cells, paneth cells & tuft
cells are more susceptible to damage. If they are terminated, then +4 CBC can
replenish itself as well as the other cells if it goes through chemotherapy
unless they are eliminated by diptheria then it will not be able to replenish
itself nor the others and remove the genetic stock
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