DML - IUDS, CR
insert, update, delete, select
commit, rollback
INSERT - add new rows
UPDATE - modify data of existing rows
DELETE - delete some/all records from database
can be rolled back
COMMIT - permanently saves
ROLLBACK - undo changes
SELECT - data retrieval
WHERE - limits rows retur...
IN - ✔✔checks value if it matches given value list
EXISTS - ✔✔checks if subquery returns any rows
COUNT - ✔✔tally amount of NON-NULL values
SUM - ✔✔total sum for specified attribute
HAVING - ✔✔filters the groups subject to some condition
used after group by
inner join - ✔✔only rows that meet criteria selected
outer join - ✔✔matching rows and unmatched values for one/both tables
natural join - ✔✔returns ALL rows with matching values
deletes duplicate columns
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