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HFHS Critical Care Exam –Questions And Answers
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HFHS Critical Care Exam –Questions And Answers
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HFHS Critical Care Exam –Questions And AnswersNormal Length for PR, QRS, and QT intervals. Ans -PR 0.12-0.20 sec, QRS 0.08-0.12 sec, and QT interval less than or = to 450 ms or half the R-R interval
Big box on ECG readings = ___ seconds? Ans -0.20 seconds
Little boxes on ECG readings = ____ seconds? Ans -0.04 seconds
The mA that achieves capture is the _______ _________ Ans -pacing threshold
Defibrillation energy settings (biphasic and monophasic) Ans -biphasic 120-200 j and monophasic 360 j
Synchronized Cardioversion energy settings for SVT or aflutter, for afib, and for monomorphic VT (biphasic and monophasic) Ans -SVT or aflutter-
biphasic 50-100 j & monophasic 200 j Afib-biphasic 120-200 j & monophasic 200 j Monomorphic VT-biphasic 100 j & monophasic 100 j
Vtach treatment Ans -Synchronized cardioversion and Antiarrhythmic such
as Amiodarone (150-300 mg) and/or lidocaine
Vfib treatment Ans -Defibrillation also can load them up with Amiodarone
SVT treatment Ans -Vasovagal maneuvers, carotid massage, Adenosine (if BP is good) 6 mg for first dose and then 12 mg for the second dose, or synchronized cardioversion
Torsades treatment Ans -Synchronized cardioverison (if regular) or defibrillation (if irregular) and administer Mg (treating underlying cause)
Anatomical location of Cardiac Assessment Landmarks Ans -
Pulse pressure calculation Ans -Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure for example 120/60 the pulse pressure is 60! Cardiac output normal values Ans -4-8 Liters per minute (formula is Stroke Volume x Heart Rate)
Cardiac Index normal values Ans -2.5-4 L/min/m2 (formula is Cardiac output divided by Body Surface Area aka need ht and wt)
Central Venous Pressure or Right Atrial Pressure normal values Ans -2-6 mmHg or 2-8 cm H2O
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP) normal values Ans -Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) 15-30 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) 5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) 9-18 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) AKA Wedge normal values Ans -Similar to CVP or RAP and the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure will reflect this value closely... PAOP 6-12 mmHg
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) normal values Ans -800-1200
Ejection Fraction normal value Ans -65-75%
SVO2 normal values Ans -60-80
PA Pressure considerations Ans -Measure PAS and PAD @ the end of expiration
Causes of decreased PAP, CVP/RAP, PAOP Ans -causes of decreased Hypovolemia and venodilation
Causes of increased PAP Ans -hypervolemia, increased peripheral vascular resistance (due to decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral stenosis/insuff, aortic stenosis, LV ischemia, infarct, failure, pericardial tamponade, increased intrapleural pressure due to PEEP, auto PEEP, tension pneumo, increased intra-abdominal pressure, left-to-right intracardiac shunt.
Causes of increased CVP/RAP Ans -Hypervolemia, impedance to RA emptying due to: tricuspid stenosis, RV ischemia/infarct/failure, increased PVR (due to decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral
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