PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251
MODULE 6 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(Infectious diseases / antibiotics )
PORTAGE LEARNING 2023/2024
GRADED A+.
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1. Antibiotic: drugsthat have the ability to destroy or interfere with the developmentof a living
organism, typically bacteria.
2. Infectious d...
,1. Antibiotic: drugs that have the ability to destroy or interfere with the developmentof a living
organism, typically bacteria.
2. Infectious diseases: caused by pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms suchas bacteria, fungi, and
parasites as well as by viruses.
3. Bacteria: defined as single-celled microorganisms. They can be found virtuallyeverywhere and
can either be harmless or very dangerous.
4. Bacteria can be classified as either:: - Gram-positive or Gram-negative. Thisclassification refers
to how they respond to the Gram stain procedure.
- whether they are an aerobe or anaerobe
5. Gram-positive: bacteria stain purple
6. Gram-negative: stain pink
- Gram-negative bacterial infections are harder to treat because Gram-negativebacteria have a more
complex cell wall structure.
7. Aerobe: a bacterium that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen forgrowth
8. Anaerobe: a bacterium that does not require oxygen in order to grow. Anaerobes,for instance, are most
commonly found in the GI tract.
9. it is important to understand generally that bacteria do not simply cause a single disease:
rather, multiple disorders are possible depending on where in the body the bacteria accumulate.:
For example, the bacteria streptococcus pyogenes is the specific bacteria responsible for the common
throat infection knownas strep throat. This bacterium is spread through airborne droplets when someone
with the bacteria coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by sharing food or drinks.When the bacteria
spread through the air or even food, the throat is one of the firstcontact points in the body, which makes
strep throat a common result. However, if ithappened to be transferred via contact with a contaminated
surface and the personhad an open sore, the very same bacteria could cause an entirely different infection,
in this case, a skin infection.
There are also common infections associated term-13with certain bacteria based
on where they are found naturally or how the pathogen is acquired. Take for in- stance, the bacteria
E.coli. Although typically found within the intestines of a healthyindividual, when someone becomes
exposed to a pathogenic strain of E.coli, oftenvia contaminated food, it often presents as diarrhea
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, because of where the bacterianaturally end up by way of the digestive tract.
One last factor is related to where the person contracts the infection—different typesof bacteria are found
in the environmental community compared to a healthcare setting.
10. health care associated infection: - an infection acquired during the course ofreceiving treatment
for another condition in a health care institution.
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