These notes include:
• Summary of cases involving Stan and Bonolo
• LU1: Basic Issues in Counselling and Practice
• LU2: Theories and Techniques for Counselling
• LU3: Introduction to Crisis Intervention
• LU4: Integration and Application
All information is taken from textbook and ...
These notes include:
• Summary of cases involving Stan and Bonolo
• LU1: Basic Issues in Counselling and Practice
• LU2: Theories and Techniques for Counselling
• LU3: Introduction to Crisis Intervention
• LU4: Integration and Application
General guidelines for the exam:
• Remember to filter in South African context where you can.
• It would be good to know about multicultural counselling and issues.
• Use examples!
• Strengths and shortcomings for each intervention.
• Integrate & write as much as you can.
• But mainly focus on knowing the therapeutic interventions & crisis intervention
:)
Please do not share!
Best of luck!!
, THE CASE OF STAN
Background and Issues:
• Convicted of drunken driving, court-mandated professional help.
• Acknowledges problems but unsure about alcohol addiction.
• Works in construction, enjoys it but wants a career change.
• Struggles with socializing, self-identifies as a 'loner.'
• Uses alcohol to cope with social anxiety.
• Experiences low self-esteem and fear of not being interesting, and thoughts and feelings of
hopelessness.
Aspirations and Bright Spots:
• Desires a profession working with people, aspiring for a counselling career.
• Admits to past mistakes but expresses determination to change.
• Identifies areas for personal growth, including self-love and overcoming fears.
Key Themes:
• Difficulty making friends and getting close to people.
• Lack of direction in life, desire to make a difference.
• Fear of failure, anxiety, and heavy drinking as a coping mechanism.
• Struggles with self-worth, guilt, and depressive thoughts.
• Determination to change and take risks for personal development.
THE CASE OF BONOLO
Background and Issues:
• 56-year-old, married black woman with fibromyalgia, anxiety, and depression.
• Stress and isolation at work due to advocating for diversity.
• Cares for siblings after parents' divorce, primary caretaker for mother with dementia.
• Married for 31 years, supportive but has ups and downs.
• Feels overwhelmed, sad, and exhausted.
• Past experience of sexual molestation by a cousin.
• Strong faith in God and relies on church for support.
Concerns and Current State:
• Long work hours impact personal life and enjoyment and financially supports adult children.
• Seeks counselling due to difficulty focusing at work and overwhelming sadness.
• Experiences anxiety, not suicidal but tired of feeling sick and tired.
• Desires a more balanced life and stress reduction.
Initial Session and Goals:
• First-time formal counselling, previously sought support from a pastor.
• Feels a heaviness associated with work and unaccomplished goals.
• Desires to live a more balanced life and reduce stress.
• Expresses numbness, lack of joy, and irritability.
• Goal is to make changes, overcome self-sabotage, and improve overall well-being.
Themes and Challenges:
• Experience of racism in high school and the need to work twice as hard.
• Tension at work, labelled as emotional and angry when asserting opinions.
• Mother's dementia adds to the emotional burden.
• Struggles with self-worth, feeling like a shell of a person.
• Desire for a more fulfilling and balanced life.
, LEARNING UNIT ONE: BASIC ISSUES IN COUNSELLING AND PRACTICE
THEME ONE: THE COUNSELLOR: PERSON AND PROFESSIONAL
LO1: IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNSELLOR AS A THERAPEUTIC PERSON
The counsellor as a therapeutic person
• Counselling is an intimate form of learning, and it demands a practitioner who is willing to
be an authentic person in the therapeutic relationship.
• Who the psychotherapist is directly relates to his or her ability to establish and maintain
effective therapy relationships with clients.
o The person of the psychotherapist = primary factor in successful therapy.
o Personal and interpersonal components are essential to effective psychotherapy,
whereas techniques have relatively little effect on therapeutic outcome.
• The contextual factors – the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills
of the therapist, client agency and extra-therapeutic factors – are the primary determinants
of therapeutic outcome.
• Particular personal qualities and characteristics of counsellors are significant in creating a
therapeutic alliance with clients. However, a therapist does not have to have all the traits
described in the list.
o BUT it is crucial that the therapist should be willing to work towards becoming a more
therapeutic person.
Personal characteristics of effective counsellors
Have an identity They know who they are, what they are capable of becoming, what they
want out of life, and what is essential to them.
Respect and They can give and receive love and help out of their own sense of self-
appreciate worth and strength. They feel adequate with others and allow others to
themselves feel powerful with them.
Are open to change They exhibit a willingness and courage to leave the security of the known
if they are not satisfied with the way they are. They make decisions about
how they would like to change, and they work toward becoming the
person they want to become.
Make choices that They are aware of early decisions they made about themselves, others
are life oriented and the world. They are not victims of these early decisions, and they are
willing to revise them if necessary.
Are authentic, They do not hide behind rigid roles or facades. Who they are in their
sincere, and honest personal life and in their professional work is in harmony.
Have a sense of They are able to put the events of life in perspective. They have not
humour forgotten how to laugh, especially at their own flaws and contradictions.
Make mistakes and They do not dismiss their errors lightly, yet they do not choose to dwell on
are willing to admit misery.
them
Generally live in the They are not stuck in the past, nor are they fixated on the future. They are
present able to experience and be present with others in the ‘now’.
Appreciate the They are aware of the ways in which their own culture affects them, and
influence of culture they respect the diversity of values seen in other cultures. They are
sensitive to the unique differences arising out of social class, race, sexual
orientation and gender.
Have a sincere This concern is based on respect, care, trust, and a real valuing of others.
interest in the
welfare of others
Possess effective They are capable of entering the world of others without getting lost in
interpersonal skills this world, and they strive to create collaborative relationships with others.
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