EPPP – Psychopharmacology (Correct Answers)
What are the five major classes of psychotropic medications?Correct Answers1. Antipsychotics (First gen., Second gen.)
2. Antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, MAOIs)
3. Anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics (Benzodiazepine / Non-benzodiazepine)
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EPPP – Psychopharmacology (Correct Answers)
What are the five major classes of psychotropic medications?Correct Answers1.
Antipsychotics (First gen., Second gen.)
2. Antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, MAOIs)
3. Anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics (Benzodiazepine / Non-benzodiazepine)
4. Mood stabilizers (Lithium and Anticonvulsants)
5. Stimulants
Terms for first generation antipsychoticsCorrect AnswersConventional, typical,
traditional antipsychotics
First available in mid-1950's
List first generation antipsychoticsCorrect AnswersMost common:
Thorazine (chlorpromazine)**
Prolixin (fluphenazine)**
Haldol (haloperidol)**
Trilafon (perphanazine)**
First generation antipsychotics are effective in reducing _____ symptoms of
schizophreniaCorrect AnswersPositive symptoms
Second generation antipsychotics were originally viewed as ______ than first
generation at reducing _______ symptoms of schizophrenia, but research suggests that
is not the case.Correct AnswersMore effective than first generation, at reducing the
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Terms for second generation antipyshcoticsCorrect AnswersAtypical, novel
First introduced in 1990's
List second generation antipsychoticsCorrect AnswersClozaril (clozapine)**
Risperdal (risperidone)**
Zyprexa (olanzapine)**
Invega (paliperidone)**
Seroquel (quetiapine)**
Geodon (ziprasidone)**
Abilify (ariprazole)**
Are first or second generation antipsychotics more effective?Correct AnswersRecent
research suggests neither is more effective than the other, in regards to reducing
symptomology, or providing better cognitive or social outcomes
Additional terms for antipsychoticsCorrect Answersneuroleptics, major tranquilizers
Presumed mechanism of action in antipsychoticsCorrect AnswersDopamine D2
antagonists - meaning they lower the levels of dopamine by blocking postsynaptic
dopamine receptors.
Disorders treated with antipsychoticsCorrect Answers1. Schizophrenia* (effective in
reducing positive symptoms)
, 2. Delusional disorder
3. Brief psychotic disorder
4. Schizoaffective disorder
5. Bipolar disorder (particular in conjunction with mood stabilizers or antidepressants to
treat manic episodes)
6. Delirium
7. Tourette's syndrome
8. Autism spectrum disorder (to treat oppositional behavior, emotional lability, and
irritability)
Side effects of antipsychoticsCorrect AnswersSedation, drowsiness
orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing)
anticholinergic side effects (symptoms associated with "drying out" or "holding in")
extrapyramidal symptoms (movement-related symptoms, largely in the muscles, gait,
and legs such as dystonia, Parkinsonism, akathisia)
tardive dyskinesia (abnormal movements in the lips, tongue, and jaw)
agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count)
metabolic effects (major weight gain and changes in metabolism)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS; effects less than 1% of PTs treated with
antipsychotics - potentially lethal, always required immediate medical attention)
Anticholinergic effectsCorrect Answers"Drying out" and "holding in"
such as dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, bowel obstruction, dry eyes, dilated
pupils, increased HR, and decreased memory
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)Correct AnswersMovement related symptoms
including:
Dystonia (actue painful muscle spasms)
Parkinsonism (a mask-like face, shuffling gait, drooling, resting tremor, rigidity,
bradykinesia or slowing of movements)
Akathisia (unpleasant, restless feeling in legs)
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