Thabo invites Khethelo to watch a film at his house. The film is the long-awaited sequel to an earlier
blockbuster film and not yet available in South Africa. However, the book on which the movie is based is
available in bookshops. It transpires that the film contains scenes of explicit sexual conduct which is violent
and degrading as well as the infliction of extreme violence which constitutes incitement to harm.
(a) When will the bookshop be obliged to submit the book for classification? (2)
(b) Explain the procedure which the classification committee follows once a decision has been reached
with regard to the classification of a publication. (5)
(c) Which classification will apply to the film, watched by Thabo and Khethelo in terms of the Films and
Publications Act 65 of 1996? (1)
(d) What information should the cover and packaging of the film display in view of the classification which
will apply in terms of (i)? (2)
(e) What will the position be if Thabo has screened the film without having submitted it for classification?
(2)
Question 2.2
(a) Your client Roga Bosta is charged with several crimes including that of child pornography. In order
to prove this allegation the state brought evidence contained in electronic devices seized from your
client’s place. The state alleges that amongst the videos in the phones, there are videos on children
engaging in sexual activities with adults. The same videos are found in other devices, the laptops
and ipads. Roga Bosta denies that he ever originated these videos but rather that they were spam.
He further says that he never distributed them.
(i) Is the Films and Publications Act 65 of 1996 applicable to this set of facts? Motivate your
answer. (5)
(ii) Irrespective of your conclusion in (i) discuss the provisions of the Act that Roga Bosta could
possibly have contravened. (5)
(b) The possession of virtual pornography is not prohibited in the USA. What is the position regarding
the possession of virtual child pornography in South Africa? Are these provisions constitutional?(3)
[25]
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7 LCR4803
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Question 3
(a) Tshiamo wants to divorce against her husband Temoso. She alleges that her husband is intolerably
adulterous. Temoso a CEO at OACOLA, a group of prominent industries, dates an independent well-
known socialite who is very pleased with the turn of events. Tshiamo provides her journalist friend
(Malitaba) with the date of the divorce. Temoso contests the division of assets and a lot of dirty linen is
washed in court. Malitaba reports in detail on the extent of Tshiamo’ s hidden assets and provides a list
of these assets. The Editor refuses to publish the article. Malitaba is highly upset because of this factual
account of the proceedings.
Explain to Malitaba why the Editor refused to publish her article with reference to the applicable
provisions of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979. (The current account of events in the public case which was
before the Zondo Commission may add credit if students refer to them.) (8)
NOTE THE CHOICE YOU HAVE IN THIS QUESTION
(b) Name six (6) instances when the interception of communications will be allowed in terms of the
Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication–Related Information
Act 70 of 2002. (6)
OR
Name six (6) grounds on which the provision of records may be refused in terms of the Promotion of
Access to Information Act 2 of 2000 as Amended. (6)
(c) In order to make a protected disclosure in terms of the Protected Disclosures Act 26 of 2000 a disclosure
has to relate to specific information. Name four types of information which will qualify as a protected
disclosure. (4)
(d) Write notes on section 107 of the Electoral Act 73 0f 1998. Your answer must include an explanation of
“printed matter” as well as a discussion of the duty that is placed on the publisher of a publication in
terms of this section. (7)
[25]
Question 4
(a) Critically discuss the elements in an action for passing-off which have to be proved in order to
succeed with the action. (10)
(b) Critically discuss the limitation on press freedom and disclosure of information in terms of the
Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 with regard to the following aspects:
i) unauthorised entry into correctional centers and communication with inmates (s 122); and
ii) prohibited publications (s 123)
(10)
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Question 1
(a)
Social censorship refers to the codes of conduct and good manners
imposed
by the community. It censors the speech and movement expected from
the individual for the sake of social harmony. While voluntary or internal
censorship refers to when individuals or instances come to a mutual
agreement, without any legal duty being imposed upon them, to
submit themselves voluntarily to certain restrictions on the information
they may distribute. Such forms of voluntary censorship may be found
in the case of the Advertising Standards Authority, where members
commit themselves to the acceptance of a specific set of rules or a
code of conduct.
(b)
Intra-textual, refers to limitations of rights that are constitutionally
justifiable by a section in the Constitution itself.
Extra-textual refers to limitations of rights by “’non-supreme, non-
constitutional’’ legal rules which are also of a general nature and in
accordance with the guidelines laid down by the Constitution in this regard
section 36(1).
(c)
Broadcasting creates a one-way communication where a sender
provides information that is passively received by the recipient,
recipient can not participate, for example print media, radio and
television. Electronic communications in its broad sense however,
includes interactive communication where both sender and recipient
take part in the communication process, for example Zoom, or
cellphone.
(d)
Public broadcasting s any broadcasting service provided by the South
African Broadcasting Corporation, any other statutory body, or by a
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