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ATI Urinary Elimination Exam/76 Questions with Accurate Solutions
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ATI Urinary Elimination Exam/76Questions with Accurate Solutions
The primary organs of urinary elimination are the: - -kidneys
-Most adults produce how much urine a day? - -1000-2000 mL/day
-once an adequate amount of urine collects in the bladder ____ to ______, it
sends a signal to the brain to indicate the need to urinate - -250 to 450 mL
in adults
-Ureterostomy (ileal conduit) - -an incontinent urinary diversion in which the
surgeon attaches one or both ureters via a stoma to the surface of the
abdominal wall
-stoma - -A stoma is an opening in your belly's wall that a surgeon makes in
order for waste to leave your body if you can't have a bowel movement
through your rectum
-nephrostomy - -an incontinent urinary diversion for which the surgeon
attaches a tube from the renal pelvis via a stoma to the surface of the
abdominal wall
-Kock pouch (continent ileal bladder conduit) - -A continent urinary
diversion in which the surgeon forms a reservoir from the ileum. The pouch is
emptied by clean straight catheterization every 2 to 3 hr initially, and every
5 to 6 hr once the pouch expands to capacity.
-ileum - -the final section of the small intestine
-neobladder - -A new bladder created by the surgeon using the ileum that
attaches to the ureters and urethra. It allows the client to maintain
continence; the client learns to void by straining the abdominal muscles.
-peristomal skin - -skin around a stoma
-factors effecting urinary elimination - --poor abdominal and pelvic muscle
tone
-acute and chronic disorders
-spinal cord injury
-children receive full bladder control by what age - -4-5 years
, -how does age effect urinary elimination - --prostate can enlarge in older
males, obstructing the bladder outlet and causing urinary retention and
urgency, leads to UTI and incontinence
-post menopause can cause less perineal tone due to reduced estrogen
levels, causes urgency, incontinence and UTI's
-childbirth and gravity weaken the pelvic floor, putting client's at risk for
prolapse of the bladder, leading to incontinence, encourage Kegel exercises
-how does older age effect urinary elimination - --fewer nephrons
-loss of muscle tone in bladder
-insufficient emptying of bladder: residual urine: high risk for UTIs
-increase in nocturia from decrease in bladder capacity
-presence of chronic illness
-nocturia - -condition in which you wake up during the night because you
have to urinate
-how does pregnancy effect urinary elimination - --growing fetus
compromises bladder space
-30-50% increase in circulatory volume, increases renal load and output
-the hormone relaxin causes relaxation of sphincter
-how does diet effect urinary elimination - --increase in sodium=decrease in
urine
-caffeine & alcohol=increased urine
-how do surgical procedure effect urinary elimination - --alterations in
glomerular filtration rate from anesthesia and opioid analgesics (pain meds),
making less urine output
-glomerular filtration rate - -a blood test that checks how well your kidneys
are working. Your kidneys have tiny filters called glomeruli. These filters help
remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. A GFR test estimates how
much blood passes through these filters each minute
-how medications effect urinary elimination - --diuretics prevent
reabsorption of water
-antihistamines and anticholinergics causing urinary retention
-chemotherapy creates toxic environment to kidneys
-antihistamines - -inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and
itching caused by the release of histamine
-anticholinergics - -used to treat urinary incontinence
-medications that change urine color - --phenazopyridine: orange/red
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