Exam (elaborations)
Reason and Evidence D265 graded A+ 100% verified
- Course
- Institution
Reason and Evidence D265 graded A+ 100% verified
[Show more]
Content preview
Reason and Evidence D265Propositions
statements that are true or false. ex. 1+1=2
Non-Propositions
statement that cannot be true or false. EX. Lets go fly a kite
Simple propositions
simply true or false on their own.
Complex propositions
Truth depends on the truth of their parts and their internal logic. ex. this soda is coke or pepsi.
Words used to identify Independent Propositions
and
or
either.....or.....
but
if.....then......
Bad inferential structure
argument is bad, because the premises dont support the conclusion.
False Premise
One premise has to be false in argument. ex. All humans are cats (false) All cats are mammals
(True) So, all humans are mammals (True)
Conclusion Indicators
trying to get me to believe something, that is the conclusion
Premise Indicators
indicating that the fact said lead to a conclusion
, Because, for, given that, in fact, as, since, as indicated by
Premises make you ask
"what does that mean?" "why tell me that?"
Conclusions make you ask
"why would i believe that? Give me a reason to believe that claim"
Deduction
arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
Induction
arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable
Abduction
finding the most likely explanation for what has happened
Truth
a true statement that accurately represents reality. EX. P1) all siamese are cats. P2) Rosie is a
siamese. C) therefore, Rosie is a cat.
validity
If premises are true, the conclusion must be true. EX. P1) Rosie was born in Cali. P2) Everyone
from Cali likes biscuits C) Rosie likes biscuits
Soundness
premises are true and conclusion makes sense EX. P1) Whales dont have fur. P2) Whales are
mammals. C) Therefore, not all mammals have fur
Cogency
cogent if its Strong & Premises are true. EX. most crows seen are black. Therefore, the next
crow seen will be black.
Formal Fallacy
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Ashley96. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now