4N051 SSgt WAPS - Full SKT (COMPLETE) 2024
Anterograde (Posttraumatic) Amnesia
Inability to remember events after an injury.
Basilar Skull Fractures
Usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, motor vehicle crashes); generally result from extension of a linear fracture ...
4N051 SSgt WAPS - Full SKT (COMPLETE) 2024
Anterograde (Posttraumatic) Amnesia
Inability to remember events after an injury.
Basilar Skull Fractures
Usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, motor vehicle crashes);
generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be
difficult to diagnose with a radiograph (x-ray).
Battle's Sign
Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture.
Cerebral Edema
Swelling of the brain.
Closed Head Injury
Injury in which the brain ahs been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is
no obvious bleeding.
Concussion
A temporary loss or alteration of part of all of the brain's abilities to function without
actual physical damage to the brain.
Connecting Nerves
Nerves in the spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves.
Coup-Contrecoup Injury
Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact;
Contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds.
Distraction
the action of pulling the spine along its length.
Epidural Hematoma
An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater.
Eyes-Forward Position
A head position in which the patient's eyes are looking straight ahead and the head and
torso are in line.
Four-Person Log Roll
The recommended procedure for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury from
the ground to a long backboard.
Intervertebral Disk
The cushion that lies between two vertebrae.
Intracerebral Hematoma
Bleeding within the brain tissue (parenchyma) itself; also referred to as an
intraparenchymal hematoma.
ICP
Intracranial Pressure.
Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
The pressure within the cranial vault.
Involuntary Activities
Actions of the body that are not under a person's conscious control.
Linear Skull Fractures
,Account for 80% of skull fractures; also referred to as nondisplaced skull fractures;
commonly occur in the temporal-parietal region of the skull; not associated with
deformities to the skull.
Meninges
Three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord
within the skull and the spinal canal.
Open Head Injury
Injury to the head often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding
and exposed brain tissue.
Primary (Direct) Injury
An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the
head.
Raccoon Eyes
Bruising under the eyes that may indicate a skull fracture.
Retrograde Amnesia
The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury.
Secondary (Indirect) Injury
The "after effects" of the primary injury; includes abnormal processes such as cerebral
edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection;
onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
Subdural Hematoma
An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain.
Subluxation
A partial or incomplete dislocation.
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional,
social, and vocational changes.
Voluntary Activities
Actions that we consciously perform, in which sensory input or conscious thought
determines a specific muscular activity.
developmental disability
insufficient development of the brain resulting in some level of dysfunction or
impairment. Can include intellectual, hearing, or vision impairments that surface during
infanthood or childhood
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a group of complex disorders of brain development characterized by difficulties in social
interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication
down syndrome
a genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results
in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics such as a round
head with a flat occiput and slanted wide set eyes. Increased maternal age and family
history are known risk factors for this condition.
,these are the characteristics of a developmentally disabled patient
may appear slow to understand, limited vocabulary
immature behavior
characteristics of autism
severe behavioral problems, repetitive motor activities,
impairment in verbal and nonverbal skills, difficulty making eye contact, has trouble
answering open ended questions and monotone speech
these are the most common forms of hearing loss
sensorineural deafness and conductive hearing loss
sensorineural deafness
a permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear
conductive hearing loss
hearing loss caused by a faulty transmission of sounds waves. can be caused by an
accumulation of wax within the ear canal or a perforated eardrum
tracheostomy tube
a plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma)
ventilator malfunction
if this malfunction occurs, remove the patient from this devise and begin bag-valve-
mask ventilations via the tracheostomy hole
internal cardiac pacemaker
this is a device implanted under the patients skin to regulate the heart rate. (document
the type of pacemaker)
left ventricular assist devices (LVAD)
this is a special piece of medical equipment that takes over the function of one or both
heart ventricles. it is used as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is
located. may be difficult to palpate a pulse in patients who have this
central venous catheter
a catheter that has its tip placed in the vena cavato and provides venous access (pick-
line) used for home care patients, chemotherapy, long term antibiotic or pain
management, total parental nutrition (TPN) hemodialysis, or high concentration glucose
solutions. common locations - chest, upper arm, subclavicular
gastrostomy tubes
these may be placed into the stomach for patients who cannot ingest fluids, food or
medication by mouth.
this transport position should be used for patients with gastric tubes and
difficulty breathing
sitting or lying on the right side with the head elevated 30 degrees
shunts
tubes that drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to another part of the
body outside of the brain such as the abdomen; lowers pressure in the brain. used for
patients with chronic neurologic conditions. located beneath the skin on the side of the
head behind the ear.
signs/symptoms of distress for kids with shunts
bulging fontanelles (infants) headache, projectile vomiting, AMS, irritability, high pitched
cry, fever, nausea, difficulty walking, blurred vision, seizures, redness along the shunt
track, bradycardia, and heart arrhythmias
, vagal nerve stimulator
this is a treatment used for seizures that are not controlled with medication. it stimulates
the vagus nerve at predetermined intervals to prevent seizure activity. surgical implant
used in children over 12. located under the patients skin about the size of a silver dollar.
colostomy
a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small or large intestine
and the surface of the body
caregiver
interaction with the ___________ is important because they are
experts on caring for the patient and can help determine baseline behavior for the
patient
urostomy
a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) which connects the urinary system to
the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall instead of
through the urethra
tracheostomy
a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck
connects the trachea directly to the skin
stoma
an opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure
spina bifida
a development defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude
outside of the vertebrae and possible even outside of the body usually at the lower third
of the spine in the lumbar area. this is a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the
spinal column during embryonic or fetal development
obesity
a complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat.
ileostomy
a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the
surface of the body.
cerebral palsy
this is a brain / group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement.
limbs are often underdeveloped and prone to injury.
intellectual disability
results in the inability to learn and socially adapt at a normal developmental rate
characteristics of intellectual disability
patients may appear slow to understand or have a limited vocabulary. may behave
immaturely compared to their peers. if severely disabled, may not have the ability to
care for themselves, communicate, understand or respond to surroundings
pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
characterized by impaired social or communication skills, repetitive behaviors, or a
restricted range of interests.
Atlantoaxial Instability (AAI)
this is characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and
axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or ligamentous abnormality. Neurologic symptoms
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