DVA1502 EXAMINATION 01 NOVEMBER 2023 QUALITY ANSWERS PROVIDED
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Course
(DVA1502)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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SECTION A (COMPULSORY): Answer only ONE essay question:
QUESTION 1
Discuss the relationship between participation and empowerment. Then explain how the capability approach
framework can enhance people’s participation in development.
(50 marks)
QUESTION 2
Discuss the fa...
DVA1502 EXAMINATION ANSWERS 2023
01 NOVEMBER 2023
QUALITY ANSWERS
ALL ESSAYS ARE PROVIDED CHOOSE YOUR 💯 PASS
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SECTION A ( COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
Discuss the relationship between participation and empowerment. Then explain
how the capability approach framework can enhance people’s participation in
development.
Introduction:
Participation and empowerment are two interrelated concepts that play a crucial role in
the field of development. Participation is often seen as a means to empower individuals
and communities to take charge of their own development. In this essay, we will explore
the intricate relationship between participation and empowerment in the context of
development. Additionally, we will delve into how the Capability Approach framework,
developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, can enhance people's participation
in development by providing a more comprehensive understanding of well-being and
human agency.
Participation and Empowerment: A Symbiotic Relationship
Participation can be broadly defined as the active involvement of individuals or groups
in decision-making processes, policies, and activities that affect their lives. In the
context of development, it encompasses various aspects, including political
participation, community engagement, and participation in economic activities.
Empowerment, on the other hand, refers to the process of increasing individuals' or
communities' control over their own lives, resources, and decisions.
Participation is often considered a means to empower individuals and communities.
When people are actively engaged in decisions that affect their lives, they gain a sense
of ownership and agency. This involvement fosters a sense of self-efficacy and self-
determination, which are foundational elements of empowerment. For example,
participatory development projects that involve local communities in planning and
decision-making can lead to a greater sense of ownership and empowerment among
community members.
, Empowerment is closely linked to access to information and knowledge. Participation
provides a platform for individuals to access information, learn about their rights, and
acquire the knowledge needed to make informed choices. In this sense, participation is
a tool for empowerment as it equips individuals with the resources necessary to improve
their own well-being. Participation often involves collective action and advocacy.
Communities and groups can come together to advocate for their rights, demand better
services, or address social injustices. Through collective participation, individuals can
challenge power structures and effect change, thereby enhancing their empowerment.
Participation in governance and decision-making processes can promote accountability
and transparency. When people have a voice in these processes, they can hold
institutions and authorities accountable for their actions, leading to better governance
and an environment where empowerment is more likely to flourish.
The Capability Approach and Enhanced Participation:
The Capability Approach, developed by Amartya Sen and further expanded upon by
Martha Nussbaum, offers a valuable framework to enhance people's participation in
development. This approach focuses on expanding individuals' capabilities and
freedoms to live a life they value. It assesses well-being by considering the substantive
opportunities available to people rather than merely their resources or income.
The Capability Approach recognizes that well-being is not solely measured by economic
indicators but by the freedom and capabilities individuals have to lead a life they value.
By expanding this perspective, development interventions can focus on enhancing
people's capabilities to participate effectively in various domains of life, from education
and healthcare to political engagement.
The Capability Approach acknowledges the importance of individual agency and the
diversity of people's values and aspirations. This framework is inclusive and allows for
the recognition of diverse cultures, values, and goals. It provides a platform for
individuals to participate in shaping their development according to their unique
capabilities and desires. The Capability Approach distinguishes between means and
functionings. Means refer to the resources and opportunities available to individuals,
while functionings represent what individuals can achieve with those means. By
focusing on both means and functionings, development initiatives can create an
environment where individuals not only have access to resources but also have the
ability to convert those resources into valuable functionings through their participation.
Applying the Capability Approach to development planning means taking into account
the multi-dimensional aspects of well-being and allowing individuals to define their goals
and priorities. It encourages participatory development planning, where communities
are actively engaged in determining their development objectives, leading to more
meaningful and effective outcomes.
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