Define mutations -ANSWER-Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a
gene
3 main goals of treatment: -ANSWER-Cure
Control
Palliation
3 major phases of cell division: -ANSWER-Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: -ANSWER-First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: -ANSWER-Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Adaptive immunity: -ANSWER-Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define neoadjuvant therapy -ANSWER-Treatment is given prior to surgery
to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy -ANSWER-Additional cancer treatment given after
the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy -ANSWER-Treatments used to
prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: -ANSWER-Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density -ANSWER-Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity -ANSWER-Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? -ANSWER-By comparing
the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the
standard regimen
, How do alkylating agents work? -ANSWER-By causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: -ANSWER-1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed
alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: -ANSWER-Nitrogen
mustards
Common alkylating agents: -ANSWER-Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: -ANSWER-Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? -ANSWER-Able to cross the
blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: -ANSWER-Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: -ANSWER-Carboplatin
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