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Essentials of Psychology 6th Edition by Douglas Bernstein - Test Bank
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,Appendix - Statistics in Psychological ResearchMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Dr. Banguna is conducting an experiment to discover the effects of money payments (independent
variable) on work performance (dependent variable). Dr. Banguna's null hypothesis would state
a. the size of the payment will not affect the level of work performance.
b. the larger the payment the higher the level of work performance.
c. the smaller the payment the lower the level of work performance.
d. no payment will cause no work to be performed at all.
ANS: A OBJ: 2 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
2. When Renata did a study looking at the drinking habits of undergraduates, she suspected the results
would show that the amount a student drank would be related to his or her grade-point average (GPA).
Instead, she found that drinking habits (amount of drinks per week) were not related to GPA. This
means that
a. Renata's hypothesis was true.
b. there was a negative correlation between alcohol consumption and GPA.
c. there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and GPA.
d. the null hypothesis was supported.
ANS: D OBJ: 2 KEY: Analysis MSC: C/A
3. Anqi is creating a picture-like graphic for her research paper. This graphic will be used to summarize
and describe data she collected. Anqi is creating a
a. bar graph.
b. histogram.
c. pictograph.
d. descriptogram.
ANS: B OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
4. Professor Jenrick has just completed an experiment in which he observed how many times a particular
color was selected when 100 people were each given a choice of red, green, or blue. He represents the
data graphically by constructing three boxes (labeled Red, Green, and Blue) whose heights are
proportional to the number of times each color was chosen. Professor Jenrick has constructed a
__________ of the data.
a. histogram
b. height chart
c. central tendency measure
d. statistical significance indicator
ANS: A OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
5. The most basic use of histograms is to
a. establish that the null hypothesis is true.
b. determine whether an analysis of variance is needed.
c. analyze data statistically.
d. better understand the shape of the data.
, ANS: D OBJ: 3 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
6. Professor Kipling is discussing statistics in your introductory psychology class. She explains that
descriptive statistics are invaluable because they allow psychologists to
a. describe the relationship between two variables.
b. summarize a pool of data.
c. determine whether a data set is normally distributed.
d. determine whether the differences between two groups are significant.
ANS: B OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
7. Descriptive statistics would not allow you to compute
a. a mean.
b. central tendency.
c. the likelihood that results came about by chance.
d. the variability of the data.
ANS: C OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
8. Which of the following is not one of the basic categories of descriptive statistics?
a. Calculating the number of degrees of freedom
b. Summarizing the typical value of a set of data
c. Expressing the correlation between two sets of data
d. Measuring the number of observations made
ANS: A OBJ: 4 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
9. Malcolm discovers that he has made 903 observations for his research study. Which of the following
abbreviations would he use to denote the total number of observations made?
a. X
b. Y
c. SD
d. N
ANS: D OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
10. Your instructor comes to class with the results of the last quiz. She tells you that the average score was
7 (out of a possible 10) and that the median was 6. These are measures of
a. dispersion.
b. central tendency.
c. variance.
d. range.
ANS: B OBJ: 5 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
11. Your friend puts 11 numbers into a hat without showing you what those numbers are. He tells you he
will give you $10 if you can guess the exact number that he will randomly pick out of the hat. He says
that the mean of the numbers is 5, the median is 6, and the mode is 8. What would your best guess be?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. Any random number between 1 and 11; knowing the statistics won't help
, ANS: C OBJ: 6 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
12. Abby, Chrissy, and Kate are teammates playing “Win, Lose, or Draw.” They need exactly 10 points to
win and must choose who will draw next. They have some statistics on the points each girl gets when
she draws: Abby has a mean of 10 points, Chrissy has a median of 10 points, and Kate has a mode of
10 points. Which girl should draw to have the best chance of winning?
a. Abby
b. Chrissy
c. Kate
d. Any of the three
ANS: C OBJ: 5 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
13. Which of the following statements is false?
a. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores.
b. The mean is the arithmetic average.
c. The median is one-half of the range.
d. The mode is the most frequent score.
ANS: C OBJ: 5 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
14. Alejandra is interested in describing the spread of the scores in her data set. She should calculate the
__________ of the data set.
a. mean
b. range
c. correlation
d. mode
ANS: B OBJ: 7 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
15. As a researcher, you are interested in how the scores in your data set are dispersed. Specifically, you
want to know the average difference between each score and the mean. You would find out this
information by looking at the
a. range.
b. variance.
c. standard deviation.
d. correlation coefficient.
ANS: C OBJ: 7 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
16. In a normal distribution of scores, which of the following is true?
a. About 5 percent of the scores are more than two standard deviations from the mean.
b. The mean score is always 0.
c. Most scores are located in the two “tails” at either end of the distribution.
d. The standard deviation indicates the arithmetic average score.
ANS: A OBJ: 8 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal distribution?
a. The mean and the standard deviation are equal.
b. The standard deviation and the variance are equal.
c. Fifty percent of the sample is within one standard deviation of the mean.
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