CPACC Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024
Medical Model - ANSWER-defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem tha...
Medical Model - ANSWER-defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability is viewed as a
problem that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions.
Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with
professional medical care.
Social Model - ANSWER-Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the person with a
disability, this model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent, "disability" is
an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely points out that more
inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives. The
model emphasizes the human rights of people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful
ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our diagnoses
Functional Solutions Model - ANSWER-model takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the
impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for
eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or methodology. There is less of a
focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus on applying innovation to
overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this approach. They see a need and try
to meet the need with their products and/or services.
Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model - ANSWER-People with disabilities may develop a sense
of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their
disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of disability, because groups of people
with different types of disabilities—or even without any disabilities—may consider themselves part of
the same social group.
Charity Model/Tragedy Model - ANSWER-treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of
special treatment. People without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers,
, projects, assistance, and other interventions to improve the condition of those with disabilities. Many
people with disabilities find this approach offensive, even if the end result produces something that
helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the offensive part is the attitude and the assumptions.
People without disabilities are in the position of the givers; the "fortunate" ones. People with disabilities
are in the position of the receivers; the "unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal
power balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups of people.
Blindness - ANSWER-Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the term is often used to define a total loss
of vision, it may also refer to partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Screen Readers - ANSWER-Convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind people listen to
web pages
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot see digital or electronic interfaces (computers, automated teller
machines (ATMs), mobile devices, airport kiosks, televisions, printers, copiers, phones, GPS devices, etc.)
- ANSWER--Screen readers can read interfaces and content out loud to users by converting digital text to
synthesized speech, but only if they have been designed to be accessible. Screen readers do not
announce text styles such as font, color, size, bold, and italic.
-Self-voicing interfaces and applications can communicate to users without the need for a screen reader,
but these are appropriate mostly for broadcasting information, because they usually do not interact with
the interface or content as screen readers do.
-Refreshable Braille output devices use screen readers to convert digital text to Braille. These devices are
typically expensive, and only a minority of blind people know how to read Braille.
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot use screen readers on digital content and interfaces not designed with
accessibility in mind - ANSWER-Interface designers and content authors can edit the markup to make it
compatible with the assistive technologies used by blind people.
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