The major cause of preventable death after injury
Uncontrolled hemorrhage
The best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps to predict the outcome of resuscitation
Base deficit
Examples of primary blast injuries
Blast lung, ruptured tympanic membrane, TBI, abdominal ...
Examples of secondary blast injuries - answer Wounds from debris and bomb fragments
Examples of tertiary blast injuries - answer Blunt or penetrating trauma from the body being
thrown by the blast
Examples of quaternary blast injuries - answer Injuries or illness related to explosion: burns,
toxic injury from chemicals
Examples of quinary blast injuries - answer Injuries associated with exposure to hazardous
materials from the components of the blast
Questions to ask for airway assessment (need 4) - answer Is the tongue obstructing?
Are there any foreign objects?
Is there any edema?
Are there loose or missing teeth?
Is there snoring, gurgling, or stridor?
Is there bony deformity?
, Is there blood, vomit, or secretions?
Questions to ask during breathing assessment. (Need 4) - answer Is there symmetrical chest
rise?
Is there spontaneous breathing?
Is there tracheal deviation or JVD?
What is their skin color?
Are there open wounds or deformities in the chest?
What's the depth, pattern, and rate of respirations?
Is there increased work of breathing?
Are breath sounds present and equal?
3 ways to assess ETT placement - answer 1. Apply end tidal, assess CO2 after 5-6 breaths
2. Assess for symmetrical chest wall rise and fall
3. Auscultation over the epigastrium for gurgling and bilateral breath sounds.
What do you document after placing an ETT? - answer ETT placement at teeth or gums
Situations that require a definitive airway - answer GCS 8 or less
Apnea
Inhalation injury
Increased risk of aspiration
Anticipate decreased neuro status
Severe maxo fractures
Laryngeal/tracheal injury
Where do you listen for breath sounds? - answer 2nd intercostal space at midclavicular line and
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