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NCTI exam 2023 with 100% correct answers
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NCTI End DidacticStimulation of glottis associated with intubation can cause _________ and increase _______. - correct
answer -dysrhythmias; ICP
When preparing to use succinylcholine, what medication can be administered first in order to decrease
the incidence of bradycardia? - correct answer -atropine
What are three signs of adequate paralysis? - correct answer -apnea, laxity of mandible, and loss of
eyelash reflex
If intubation is not successful within 30 seconds, stop and ventilate for ______ to ________ seconds? -
correct answer -30 to 60
Pediatrics have heads that are proportionally _______ than that of an adult; similarly, in trauma
_________ is the leading cause of death in pediatrics. - correct answer -larger; TBI
In pediatrics, the narrowest part of airway is at level of _____________ below vocal cords. - correct
answer -cricoid cartilage
In pediatrics, abdominal organs are situated more _________, so they're less protected by ribs and
closer together than adults. Liver and spleen are relatively large and extend below ___________ in
young children. - correct answer -anteriorly; rib cage
In children the ____________ and ____________ are likely to be damaged in handlebar injuries. -
correct answer -duodenum; pancreas
Bones in children are ___________ than ligaments/tendons, making fractures more common than
___________. - correct answer -weaker; sprains
,In pediatrics, the chest wall is _________ (compared to that of an adult), and has __________
musculature and subcutaneous fat to protect ribs and organs. - correct answer -thinner; less
Children have ___________ skin, __________ body surface area/weight ratio and less fatty tissue; this
contributes to ___________ risk of injury due to temperature extremes - correct answer -thinner; larger;
increased
In geriatrics, vital capacity __________ and residual volume __________, so proportion of air used in gas
exchange __________. - correct answer -decreases; increases; declines
What two main factors account for the increased risk of aspiration in geriatrics? - correct answer -
decreased cough and gag reflex
In geriatrics, the heart ______________ in response to chronically increase ___________ imposed by
stiffened vessels. - correct answer -hypertrophies (enlarges); afterload
What occurs when aortic valve thickens which obstructs blood flow from left ventricle? - correct answer
-aortic sclerosis
What are the two most common cause of visual disturbances in geriatrics? - correct answer -cataracts
and glaucoma
What is the leading cause of death from infection in people over 65 years of age? - correct answer -
pneumonia
Where does neural control of breathing originate? - correct answer -in the brainstem (medulla
oblongata and pons)
What connects the medulla to the respiratory center? - correct answer -the vagus nerve
What is the secondary center for ventilation if the medulla fails? - correct answer -the apneustic pons
, Where are the three sets of chemoreceptors that affect respiratory function? - correct answer -in the
carotid bodies, in the aortic arch, and the central chemoreceptors (in the medulla)
The process of loading O2 molecules into hemoglobin molecules in bloodstream. - correct answer -
oxygenation
The process of exchanging O2 and CO2, allows body means of providing cells with O2 and disposing of
waste. - correct answer -respiration
The process of exchanging O2 and Co2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries. - correct
answer -external respiration
The exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic circulation and cells of body (aka cellular respiration). -
correct answer -internal respiration
Patients with COPD have difficulty eliminating CO2 thru exhalation, thus always have higher levels of
CO2. The __________ stimulates breathing when O2 levels _________, instead of when CO2 levels rise.
- correct answer -hypoxic drive; fall
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a classic sign of what? - correct answer -left-sided heart failure
The amount of air moved in/out of respiratory tract during one breath. - correct answer -tidal volume
The portion of tidal volume that does not reach alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange. -
correct answer -dead space volume
Subtracting dead space volume from tidal volume equals ___________. - correct answer -alveolar
volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to tidal volume. - correct answer -inspiratory reserve
volume
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