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NCTI exam 2023 with 100% correct answers
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NCTI A&P FINAL EXAMAnatomical planes and line - correct answerThere are three planes commonly used; sagittal, coronal and
transverse. Sagittal plane - a vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section.
Types of ions - correct answerIn Chemistry, there are 2 types of ions: anions and cations. Anions are
negatively charged ions. Cations are positively charged ions.
Ion: an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having
lost or gained one or more electrons
Organic components of the body - correct answerOrganic compounds essential to human functioning
include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. These compounds are said to be organic
because they contain both carbon and hydrogen.
types of cell division - correct answerThere are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of
the time when people refer to "cell division," they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells.
Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
Osmosis vs. Diffusion - correct answerOsmosis and diffusion are two processes that involve the
transmission of particles from one area to another. Osmosis is actually a specific type of diffusion.
Osmosis is the process that allows a liquid to pass through the cell wall of a living organism. It generally
occurs when a solvent (such as water) moves into an area of more concentrated solute, thereby
equalizing the concentration of solute on both sides of the cell wall or membrane. Living things depend
on osmosis to deliver nutrients to cells and eliminate metabolic waste.
Diffusion is the process by which particles of solids, liquids, or gasses move from areas of higher
concentration to areas of lower concentration. It is caused by spontaneous movement of thermal
agitation and in dissolved substances. It occurs most quickly in liquids and most slowly in solids.
results of isotonic solution, hypotonic ,and hypertonic solutions on cells. - correct answerIsotonic
solution is a solution where solute and solvent concentration is equal. There will be no change in cells
Hypertonic solution is a solution where solute concentration will be higher than solvent. Cells will shrink.
Hypotonic solution is a solution where solvent concentration will be higher than solute. Cells will swell
up.
, Mitochondria - correct answerPowerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production
Ions dissolved in aqueous solution - correct answerDissociation of sodium chloride in water (ESAFO)
It is the polar nature of water that allows ionic compounds to dissolve in it. In the case of sodium
chloride (NaClNaCl) for example, the positive sodium ions (Na+Na+) are attracted to the negative pole of
the water molecule, while the negative chloride ions (Cl−Cl−) are attracted to the positive pole of the
water molecule. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the polar water molecules are able to work
their way in between the individual ions in the lattice. The water molecules surround the negative
chloride ions and positive sodium ions and pull them away into the solution. This process is called
dissociation. Note that the positive side of the water molecule will be attracted to the negative chlorine
ion and the negative side of the water molecule to the positive sodium ions. A simplified representation
of this is shown in Figure 18.2. We say that dissolution of a substance has occurred when a substance
dissociates or dissolves. Dissolving is a physical change that takes place. It can be reversed by removing
(evaporating) the water.
mucous membrane - correct answeran epithelial tissue which secretes mucus, and lines many body
cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages
Digestive tract lining
Urinary tract lining
Reproductive tract lining
Respiratory tract lining
Serous membrane - correct answera mesothelial tissue which lines certain internal cavities of the body,
forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The
peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes.
parietal peritoneum - correct answerthe outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the
abdominal wall
parietal pleura - correct answerlines the walls of the thoracic cavity
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