BIOD 121 Module 2 Exam
1. Specific parts of the Gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Other organs such as the liver, gallbladder
and pancreas aid in digestion but are not considered part of the digestive process and
considered accessory organs..
-2.0 points
Answer Key
Specific parts of the
GI tract
include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Other organs
GI tract
2. Explain the symptoms of diverticulosis.
Weakened areas of the large intestine that develop small pouches that push out of the weakened a
Becomes a problem when food gets stuck in the pouches and become inflammed and/or infected.
When this occurs it is known as divirticulitis.
Answer Key
Explain the symptoms of diverticulosis.
Diverticulosis is weak spots in the colon that results in the formation of small pouches. When
inflamed the pouches are referred to as diverticulitis.
3. Sphincters play an important role in the GI tract.
Name two sphincters discussed in the module and using your own words, briefly
describe their functions.
, BIOD 121-Essentials in Nutrition-Portage Learning
esophageal sphincter - valve/circular muscle located at the end of the esophagus and
beginning of the stomach. Acts as a gate keeper and prevents anything that has
moved from the esophagus into the stomach, from coming back into the esophagus.
This is important because the stomach is very acidic and if any contents from the
stomach go back into the esophagus, the lining of the esophagus could get burned
from the acid.
ileocecal sphincter - valve/circular muscle located at the end of the small intestine
and beginning of the large intestine. Acts as a gate keeper and prevents anything that
has moved from the small intestine into the large intestine, from coming back into the
small intestine. This is important because we do not want any matter formed in the
large intestine (feces) to go back into the small intestine and contaminate it. It is also
important to keep most of the material in the small intestine before entering the large
intestine so many nutrients can be absorbed and proper digestion and absorption can
occur.
Sphincters play an important role in the GI tract.
Name two sphincters discussed in the module and using your own words, briefly
describe their functions.
The esophageal sphincter prevents the contents of the stomach from reentering the
esophagus. The pyloric sphincter controls the release of chyme into the small
intestines from the stomach. The ileocecal sphincter prevents the contents of the
4. Name the 4 organs that are not part of the GI tract but aid in digestion.
1. Salivary glands
2. Liver
3. Gallbladder
4. Pancreas
All considered accessory organs because they secrete enzymes and hormones that
contribute to the digestion and elimination process.
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