Class notes
SENTENCE PRODUCTION
- Course
- Institution
LECTURE 13 OUT OF 14
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
hannahnewton21
Reviews received
Content preview
Lecture 13 – sentence productionConceptual representations;
- Examples; objects (including affordances) number and mental arithmetic, musical
notes, syntactic structures and words.
- Conceptual representations = structures formed during acquisition, storage, and
retrieval of concepts.
- How to investigate? We measure Behaviour and the Brain.
- Dynamic – change over time
- Abstract vs concrete – table vs philosophy
- Symbolic or simulated?
Embodied and Grounded Cognition: Cognition by Simulation;
- What is simulated?
- Motor states
- Perceptual states including attention
- Affective states
- According to symbolic approach, conceptual representations are independent of
these experiences and (as such) they are amodal (hence, computer metaphor)
- According to embodied approach, conceptual representations reflect these
experiences and (as such) they are modal
Models of sentence production;
Speech production;
- We produce speech to communicate ideas
through words and sentences…
- Either by saying them or writing them
- In monologue or dialogue/multilogue
- About displaced (from memory) and situated (unfolding) events
- The storage space in the brain is limited > we cannot store infinite inventory of
sentences we can potentially produce > we have to construct sentences on the fly –
so models have to account for this efficiency
- Speech production is a highly automated processes and efficient process: We
produce 3 words per second on average with less than 1 error per 1000 words
Logic of speech production, Main goals:
- Understand the architectural properties of information access at each stage
- Understand constraints on information access and exchange within and between
stages
- Understand chronometric properties of the sentence production system
- Understand the interface between the linguistic and the non-linguistic processes
involved in sentence production
, Sentence production models are rarely simple;
- Parallel model by Chang (2002)
Models have certain thing in common;
- 1) Stages = from idea to articulation
- 2) Conceptualization (Event) = Speaker formulates a pre-
linguistic message to be described.
- 3) Formulation (Lemma and assembly) = Convert Event information into words and
their grammatical properties and arrange these words in a syntactic plan (syntactic
structure + word order)
- 4) Articulation = Plan and execute motor program fort overt articulation
Stages of sentence production: From idea to articulation
- Can produce sentence which mean the same but in
different syntactic arrangements.
- The choice of what you say reflects perceptual properties.
Terminology;
- E.g., “Spiderman is giving Sandman an apple”
Thematic roles (event):
- Agent – the “doer” Spiderman
- Patient – the entity the agent is acting upon Sandman
- Theme – similar to patient. Theme undergoes action but usually does not change
state Apple
Grammatical roles (syntax):
- Subject – constituent that “governs” the sentence by means of a verb. Doesn’t have
to be Agent
- Object – constituent subordinate to Subject. Both Sandman and apple are objects
Issues with sentence production;
- Difficult to “reverse-engineer” (or model) how we progress from idea to sentence
- Difficult to distinguish linguistic (selecting words and sentences) from non-linguistic
(attention, memory) processes
- Efficiency: Any model needs to account for it
- Mapping problem = Is mapping from event information to sentence arbitrary or
based on rules that link what you see to what you say? Correspondence between the
event and the sentence
- Stage partitioning problem = Are individual production stages independent of each
other? Interaction between production stages
- Planning scope problem = How much of the sentence do the speakers pre-plan?
Incrementality
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hannahnewton21. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.65. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77988 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now