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LETRS Glossary Volume 1 Units 1-4|147 Questions and Answers
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LETRS Glossary Volume 1 Units 1-4|147Questions and Answers
academic language - -written or spoken language that is more stylistically
formal than spoken conversational language; language that is most often
used in academic discourse or text.
-adjective - -A part of speech that describes a noun or person (e.g., windy,
blue).
-adverb - -A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or adverb (e.g.,
sadly, crookedly).
-affricate - -A speech sound with features of both a fricative and a stop; in
English, /ch/ and /j/ are ________.
-allophones - -Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting
from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these
variations of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious, as most
speakers make them.
-allophonic variation - -The slightly different pronunciation of a phoneme,
depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic nasalizing of a
vowel before a nasal consonant.
-alphabetic principle - -The concept that letters are used to represent
individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this principle is critical
for learning to read and spell.
-antonym - -A word that overlaps with another word, but which has the
opposite meaning.
-automaticity - -The ability to read quickly and accurately without conscious
effort.
-background knowledge - -Preexisting knowledge of facts and ideas
necessary to make inferences.
-base words - -Words that can stand on their own, or can serve as part of
another word, as a free morpheme.
-benchmark - -A standard or a set of standards used as a threshold for
predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
, -blend - -Two or three graphemes, each one representing a phoneme (e.g.,
the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two or three adjacent
consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
-characters - -The protagonist or who the story is about, plus optional
secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help the plot to
unfold.
-clause - -A group of words that has a subject and a predicate and functions
as a unit.
-closed syllable - -A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single vowel
letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-ten).
-coarticulation - -Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to produce
syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are affected by the
speech sounds that precede or follow them.
-code switching - -The conscious effort to write and/or speak in a certain
way, depending on the social context and/or whether the language is spoken
or writter.
-cognate - -A word in one language that shares a common ancestor and
common meanings with a word in another language. Many Spanish words,
such as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are built around the
same Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that English words also
employ.
-coherence - -The property of sticking together into a consistent whole; can
refer to a quality of text or to the representation of meaning in a person's
mind.
-cohesive devices - -The specific linguistic devices by which a text hangs
together, such as pronoun references, repeated phrases, or substitution or
one phrase for another.
-comparative adjective - -An adjective that compares two nouns or
pronouns (e.g., Sarah is taller than Monique; the red flower is more colorful
than the pink one).
-complementary antonym - -An antonym that is mutually exclusive from its
opposite term.
-complex sentence - -A complex sentence has an independent clause and a
dependent clause; the dependent clause only makes sense with the
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