A full in depth notes summary of AQA GCSE Medicine: Edward Jenner. These notes managed to get me a grade 8 on my AQA History GCSE in 2022. All notes have been made using class notes, teacher notes and AQA History guides. All notes that i have made are Dyslexia friendly, are colourful and easy to re...
Edward Jenner
Inoculation- putting a low dose of a disease in the body to help it fight against a more serious
attack of the same disease
Vaccination- the injection of killed or weakened organisms to give the body resistance
against a disease.
-Smallpox is a deadly disease (3 in 10 died from it) that leaves survivors with severely
disfigured scars from the scabs that form on their skin
-In the 1700s smallpox was the greatest killer disease
-inoculation was used to stop people getting it. They spread a tiny bit of smallpox onto an
open wound and this was causing a mild dose of the disease that would give people
immunity from the disease in the future.
-Lady Mary Wortley Montague was the first person to promote Inoculation in the UK, she had
brought the idea back from Turkey 1721.
-Inoculation saved many lives but it also had a negative side. Some people died of the mild
does of smallpox and others became carriers for smallpox.
What did Jenner notice about milkmaids?
That if a milkmaid caught cowpox (a mild disease) never caught smallpox.
What decade was this?
The 1700’s.
What did Jenner do with Sarah Nelmes and James Phipps? What was the result of this?
Sarah Nelmes was a dairy maid and she had cowpox. Jenner took the puss from the cowpox
that was on her hand. With James Phipps, a healthy 8-year-old, he inoculated him with
smallpox, but no disease followed. He repeated this a few months later and he still got no
disease.
Jenner- short term impact
How many experiments did Jenner do?
He did 23 similar experiments
When did he publish his findings?
He published his findings in 1798 to show people how to use his method
Why is it called a vaccination?
He called it that because in Latin, the word for cow is vacca
How did the British government react?
They gave Jenner 30,000£ to develop his work and the vaccination became widely used and
smallpox deaths fell quickly.
When was vaccination made compulsory?
They made it compulsory in 1852, 50 years after Jenner’s research.
Why did some people oppose the vaccination?
People didn’t believe that his methods were safe and effective. Also, people were opposed
to his methods. And also, some people thought that laws shouldn’t be passed to make the
vaccine compulsory because the government shouldn’t interfere with people’s lives.
Jenner- Long term impact
When was vaccination strictly enforced?
It was strictly enforced in 1871 (after a major epidemic).
What happened if parents didn’t vaccinate their kids?
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