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NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”| $10.49   Add to cart
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NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”|
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NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”|

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  • August 19, 2023
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NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide
 Musculoskeletal:

o Types of fractures

 Impacted – fracture with one end wedged into opposite end of

inside fractured fragment. Caused bycompressive axil energy

or force directly to distal fragment

 Segmented – fracture with two or more pieces or segments.

Cause: direct or indirect moderate to severe force.

 Pathologic – transverse, oblique, or spiral fracture of bone

weakened by tumor pressure or presence. Cause: minor

energy or force, which may be direct or indirect.

 Occult – fracture that is hidden or not readily discernible:

Cause: minor force or energy

 Oblique – fracture at oblique angle across both cortices.

Cause: direct or indirect energy, with angulation and some

compression.

 Spiral – fracture that curves around cortices and may become

displaced by twisting. Cause: direct or indirect twisting energy

or force with distal part held or unable to move.

 Open – skin broken over fracture; possible soft tissue trauma.

Cause: moderate to severe energy that is continuous and

exceeds tissue tolerances.

,  Transverse – horizontal break through the bone. Cause: direct

or indirect energy toward bone.

 Greenstick –break in only one cortex of bone. Cause: minor

direct or indirect energy

 Complete – integrity of the bone is broken into two pieces

 Incomplete – bone is damaged but still in one piece

 Comminuted – bone breaks into more than 2 fragments

 Torus – cortex of the bone buckles but does not break, thus

making it a relatively stable fracture

 Bowing – occur when longitudinal force is applied to the bone

 Fragility – caused by low level trauma

 Stress – caused by the cumulative effects of repeated forces

overtime.

 Fatigue – caused by abnormal stress or torque applied to the

bone with normal ability to deform and recover.

 Insufficiency – fragility fractures of osteoporosis and

Osteomalacia occur in bones lacking normal ability to deform

and recover

 Transcondral – consists of fragmentation and separation of a

portion of the articular cartilage that covers the end of a bone

at a joint.

o Osteoporosis (types of fracture that is prevalent; screening

test for osteoporosis)

,  Porous bone

 Characterized by low bone mineral density, impaired

structural integrity of the bone, decreased bone strength, and

the risk of fracture.

 Osteoporosis develops when the remodeling cycle – the

process of bone resorption and bone formation – is disrupted,

leading to an imbalance in the coupling process. Although

hormonal influences remain important in maintaining bone

health, genetic factors and the role of oxidative stress are

receiving increase attention as critical determinants of bone

homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are normal

byproducts of aerobic metabolism and although they can

cause cell damage, at levels below which they cause oxidative

stress (OS), ROSs serve as signaling molecules for many cell

types, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

 Insufficiency fracture – fragility fractures of osteoporosis and

osteomalacia occur in the bones lacking normal ability to

deform and recover.

 Screening test: Dual-photon absorptiometry (DXA) is the

current examination of choice for diagnosis.

 Bone density is based on the number of standard

deviations that differ from the mean bone mineral

density of a young-adult reference population.

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