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ICH4801 ASSIGNMENT 2 DUE 1 AUGUST 2023
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, Assignment 02History of Education
Due date: 1 August 2023
Unique assignment number: 642450
Question 1 (a)
1. Define “colonialism” in your own words. (2)
Colonialism refers to a historical practice where a powerful nation
exercises its control over a weaker territory or group of people,
often by establishing colonies and exploiting their resources and
labour for political, economic, or ideological gain. This domination
is often accompanied by cultural assimilation and the imposition of
the colonizer's language, customs, and governance systems.
2. How does Maldonado-Torres explain the concept of coloniality?
Maldonado-Torres explains the concept of coloniality as an
enduring pattern of power that emerged during the colonial period
and continues to shape the world today. Coloniality is a system of
domination that operates through various forms of power and
control, including racial, gendered, economic, and epistemic
violence. It is not limited to direct colonial rule but encompasses
the broader social, political, and economic structures that
reproduce the hierarchical relations established during the colonial
era.
According to Maldonado-Torres, coloniality is a global phenomenon
that extends beyond specific colonial territories or time periods. It
is characterized by a set of interconnected and mutually reinforcing
processes, including racialization, capitalism, and the global division
,of labor. These processes are responsible for establishing and
maintaining a social order based on racial hierarchies, exploitation,
and the extraction of resources from the Global South to the Global
North.
Furthermore, Maldonado-Torres argues that coloniality is not only
an external relation between colonizers and colonized but also a
form of internal domination within colonized communities. This
internal coloniality manifests through processes of racialization,
assimilation, and cultural erasure, which contribute to the
perpetuation of colonial power dynamics within colonized
societies.
Overall, Maldonado-Torres posits that coloniality is a complex and
multi-dimensional system of power that operates at various levels,
including individual, institutional, and structural. It continues to
shape our understanding of identity, race, power, and knowledge
production, and its dismantling requires a radical decolonial praxis
aimed at challenging and transforming the underlying structures of
domination.
3. Explain the difference between colonialism and coloniality. (2)
Colonialism refers to a historical process in which a country
expands its power and control over territories beyond its own
borders. It involves the establishment and maintenance of colonies,
where the dominant country exercises political, economic, and
cultural control over the local population. Colonialism is usually
driven by the desire for resources, economic profit, and territorial
control.
On the other hand, coloniality is a concept that builds upon the
legacy of colonialism and refers to the persisting power structures
and patterns of domination that continue to exist even after the
, formal end of colonial rule. It encompasses the enduring social,
economic, and cultural systems that were established during the
colonial period and continue to shape the experiences and
conditions of people in formerly colonized regions.
Coloniality goes beyond the physical presence of colonial powers
and addresses the structural inequalities, hierarchies, and cultural
impositions that were created and continue to persist. It
emphasizes the ongoing impact of colonialism on people's
identities, knowledge systems, power dynamics, and economic
conditions. Coloniality recognizes that the legacies of colonialism
are deeply embedded within societies and institutions, shaping
power relations and perpetuating oppression.
4. Sketch the sociohistorical background of colonialism and
coloniality in the South African
context.
Colonialism in South Africa began in the 17th century when the
Dutch East India Company established a trading post at the Cape of
Good Hope. However, the formal colonization of the region by
European powers started in the 19th century with the arrival of the
British. The British took control of the Cape Colony in 1806 and
gradually expanded their influence over the entire region.
The sociohistorical background of colonialism in South Africa is
marked by the intense conflict and displacement experienced by
the indigenous populations. The European colonizers, primarily the
Dutch and the British, viewed the native African people as inferior
and exploited their resources for their own economic gains. This
resulted in the dispossession of land, forced labour, and significant
cultural and social disruptions.
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