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Bio 171 Exam 4
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Exam of 12 pages for the course Bio 171 Exam 4 at Bio 171 Exam 4 (Bio 171 Exam 4)
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Bio 171 Exam 4Symbiont - -An organism that lives in closely evolved association with
another species
-Symbiosis - -The association of two species that live together
-Endosymbiosis - -A symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other
-Community - -All of the organisms in a habitat
-Primary Producers - -Organisms that synthesize the organic molecules for
growth and reproduction from CO2 (photosynthetic organisms/autotrophs)
-Consumers - -Organisms that gain energy by respiring food molecules and
obtain the carbon they need for growth and reproduction from the foods they
eat
-Primary Consumers - -Consumers that consume primary producers
(herbivores)
-Secondary Consumers - -Predators or scavengers that feed on primary
consumers
-Carnivores - -Animals that eat other animals
-Decomposers - -Organisms that break down tissues to release carbon into
the atmosphere from consumers
-Food Webs - -The complex biological interactions that show the transfer of
carbon in a community
-Biodiversity - -Biological diversity that is shaped and sustained by
ecological interactions among organisms and the physical environment
-Ecosystem - -A community of organisms and the physical environment
they occupy
-Food Chain - -The order that describes how one organism feeds on another,
moving carbon through the system
-Trophic Level - -The position of an organism based on how and who it
consumes its carbon from
, -Trophic Pyramid - -Diagrams showing the biomass and therefore energy
available at each level to feed the next
-Keystone Species - -A population of species that influences the transfer of
a large proportion of biomass and energy from one trophic level to another
or when the species modifies its physical environment
-Reverse transcriptase - -An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that uses a
single-standed RNA as a template to synthesize a DNA strand that is
complementary in sequence to the RNA
-Envelope - -A lipid covering of some viruses over the capsid
-Host cell - -A cell in which viral production occurs
-Bacteriophages - -Viruses that infect bacterial cells
-Lytic pathway - -The pathway where the viruse hijacks the cellular
machinery to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins
-Lysis - -The process of bursting open a cell by a virus to release a hundred
or more progeny phage capable of infecting other bacterial cells
-Phototrophs - -Organisms that capture energy from sunlight
-Chemotrophs - -Organisms that derive their energy directly from chemical
compounds
-Autotrophs - -Organisms that are able to convert carbon dioxide into
glucose
-Heterotrophs - -Organisms that rely on other organisms for their organic
forms of carbon
-Metabolism - -The entire set of chemical reactions that convert molecules
into other molecules and transfer energy in living organisms
-Catabolism - -The set of chemical reactions that break down molecules into
smaller units
-Anabolism - -The set of chemical reactions that build molecules from
smaller units and require an input of energy
-Energy - -The capacity to do work
-Kinetic energy - -The energy of motion
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