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Introduction to Psychology v. 2.1 Charles Stangor (Test Bank)
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Introduction to Psychology, v. 2.1 Charles Stangor (Test Bank) Introduction to Psychology, v. 2.1 Charles Stangor (Test Bank)
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©2013 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 2 Chapter 1 Introducing Psychology SECTION 1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: 1. Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following? a. The science of behavior b. The study of mental processes c. The study of mental disorders and their treatment d. The science of mind and behavior Answer: d; Moderate 2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Which of the following alternatives best identifies what Alla nah will study? a. Mental processes b. Mind and behavior c. Psychological disorders and their treatment d. The development of the individual Answer: b; Moderate 3. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace stat es that psychology is the science of behavior. How might you evaluate these two statements? a. Barry’s definition is correct. Candace’s definition is incorrect. b. Barry’s definition is incorrect. Candace’s definition is correct. c. Barry’s definitio n is too broad. Candace’s definition is correct. d. Both statements are partially correct. Answer: d; Moderate 4. What, if anything, unites psychology? a. All psychologists are committed to the scientific method. b. All psychologist s conduct research. c. All psychologists focus on measuring behavior. d. All psychologists use the same theoretical approach in studying mind and behavior. Answer: a; Moderate 5. Creating knowledge is to using knowledge as _____ is to _____. a. psychologist-practitioner; research psychologist b. psychologist-practitioner; experimental psychologist c. research psychologist; psychologist -practitioner d. research psychologist; experimental psychologist Answer: c; Moderate 6. Dr. Estevez is a cognitive psychologist. Dr. Francis is a school psychologist. Dr. Gigliotti is a counseling psychologist. Which of these individuals is most likely a research psychologist? (Introduction to Psychology, v. 2.1 Charles Stangor)(Test Bank all Chapters) ©2013 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 3 a. Both Dr. Francis and Dr. Gigliotti are likely rese arch psychologists. b. None of these individuals is likely a research psychologist. c. Dr. Gigliotti is most likely a research psychologist. d. Dr. Estevez is most likely a research psychologist. Answer: d; Difficult 7. Which of the following is the best definition of the hindsight bias? a. The ability to remember the past. b. The ability to remember the past more than the present. c. The ability to understand the causes of complex events. d. The tendency to think that we could ha ve predicted things that we probably would not have been able to predict. Answer: d; Moderate 8. Which of the following best describes the “everyday research” that we all perform when we try to understand thoughts and behavior? a. It is usually accurate. b. It is never accurate c. It can lead us to believe that we know the causes of things when we really do not d. It is performed very rarely Answer: c; Moderate 9. One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerf ul earthquake occurred in California. “I told you the big one would hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the _____ bias. a. cognitive b. hindsight c. predictive d. foresight Answer: b; Easy 10. Dr. Harris is describ ing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the _____ method. a. deductive b. psychological c. rational d. scientific Answer: d; Easy 11. The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research . This statement best describes _____ a. data b. empiricism c. the scientific method d. the hindsight bias Answer: c; Easy ©2013 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 4 12. Personal statements are to objective statements as _____ are to _____. a. facts; values b. theories; facts c. values; theories d. values; facts Answer: d; Easy 13. “History is the most fundamental of all the hum anities,” lectures a professor early in the semester. In your textbook’s terms, the professor’s statement is a _____. a. theory b. value c. fact d. rule Answer: b; Easy 14. Based on your text’s discussion, which of the following alt ernatives best expresses the relationship between facts and values? a. Research can sometimes provide facts that can help people develop their values. b. Values are more important than facts. c. Facts and values are independent of each other. d. Facts a nd values are often indistinguishable. Answer: a; Moderate 15. Regarding science, which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Science is completely objective. b. Science is not at all objective. c. Values affect science . d. Science is value -free. Answer: c; Moderate 16. Your textbook describes a study in which participants preferred tea whose name contained the first 3 letters of their own name 64% of time, and tea whose name contained the first three letters of their experimental partner’s name 36% of the time. If uncon scious preferences had no effect on behavior then participants should have chosen the tea whose name included the first three letters of their name what percent of the time? a. 75 b. 33 c. 25 d. 50 Answer: d; Easy 17. Which of th e following sequences correctly orders the level of explanation in psychology, from the lowest to the highest? a. social/cultural ; interpersonal; biological b. interpersonal ; social/cultural; biological ©2013 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 5 c. biological; social/cultural ; interpersonal d. biological; interpersonal; social/cultural Answer: d; Easy 18. Dr. Kennison relates binge drinking among college students to personality traits such as conscientiousness. Dr. Leblanc relates college binge dri nking to the proportion of students living on campus. Dr. Kennison is analyzing binge drinking at the _____ level. Dr. Leblanc is studying binge drinking at the _____ level. a. interpersonal; social/cultural b. interpersonal; interpersonal c. social/ cultural; interpersonal d. social/cultural; social/cultural Answer: a; Difficult 19. When scientists conduct research, they may find that what they thought were facts are actually incorrect. What normally happens in this case? a. The old facts become values b. The old facts are forgotten c. The old facts are replaced with new facts based on newer and more correct data. d. The scientific method does not separate facts from values Answer: c; Moderate 20. Which level of explanation in psychology is correctly matched with an example? a. Social/cultural level -- At low doses, cocaine can improve performance on visual attention tasks such as detecting specific stimuli appearing on a comp uter screen. b. Interpersonal level -- Cocaine abuse is associated with a history of violence and sexual abuse in the family. c. Biological level -- Cocaine exerts its effects by prolonging the presence of specific chemicals at the junctions between nerv e cells. d. Social/cultural level -- Cocaine abuse is associated with high levels of the personality trait of neuroticism and with low levels of the trait of conscientiousness. Answer: c; Difficult 21. Which of these statements is at the social/cultural level of explanation? a. Depression is in part genetically influenced b. Psychotherapy can be used to help people combat depression c. Women experience more depression than men do d. Depression is influenced by the action of neurotransm itters in the brain Answer: c; Difficult 22. Which of the following challenges of studying psychology is correctly matched with a description? a. Individual differences – Behavior is usually caused by many factors simultaneously. b. Unconscious processes – Behavior is often caused by factors outside our awareness. c. Behavior is multiply determined – The factors causing behavior are often interrelated. d. Repression – The awareness of a thought or behavior
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