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Exit HESI (Pediatrics, Maternity)/207 Q and A/A+ Graded
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Exit HESI (Pediatrics, Maternity)/207 Qand A/A+ Graded
Erikson stages of psychosocial development - --Trust vs. Mistrust
-Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
-Initiative vs. Guilt
-Industry vs. Inferiority
-Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Intimacy vs. Isolation
-Generativity vs. Stagnation
-Integrity vs. Despair
-Piaget stages of cognitive development - --Sensorimotor period
-Preoperational thought
-Concrete operation
-Formal operation
-When does an infant's birth length double? - -By 4 years
-When does a child sit unsupported? - -8 months
-When does a child achieve 50% of adult height - -2 years
-When does a child throw a ball overhand? - -18 months
-When does a child speak two to three word sentences - -2 years
-When does a child use scissors? - -4 years
-When does a child tie his or her shoes? - -5 years
-When does a girl's growth spurt during adolescence occur? - -As early as
10 years of age, and it occurs earlier in girls than boys
-Toddler behavior - -Temper tantrums are normal and are considered
average behavior
-Is rebellion against family values normal behavior for an adolescent? - -
Yes. It is while they are forming their own identity
-Why is knowledge of normal growth and development important? - -It is
used to evaluate interventions and therapy. For example, what behavior
would indicate that thyroid hormone therapy for a 4-month-old is effective?
,You must know which milestones are accomplished by a 4-month-old (i.e. he
has steady head control)
-Age range of an infant - -Birth to 1 year
-Age range of a toddler - -1 to 3 years
-Age range of a preschool child - -3 to 6 years
-Age range of a school-age child - -6 to 12 years
-Age range of an adolescent - -12 to 19 years
-Use facts and principles related to growth and development in planning
teaching interventions. - -Example: What task could a 5-year-old boy with
diabetes expect to accomplish by himself? One thing may be to let him
choose the injection sites. This is possible for a preschooler to do and gives
him a sense of control
-Tanner stages of pubertal development - -Girls: breast changes, rapid
increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, menstruation,
appearance of axillary hair, abrupt deceleration of linear growth
Boys: enlargement of testicles, growth of pubic hair/axillary hair/facial
hair/body hair, rapid increase in height, changes in larynx and voice,
nocturnal emissions, abrupt deceleration of linear growth
-Age groups' concept of bodily image - --Infants: after 6 months, their
cognitive development allows them to remember pain
-Toddlers: they fear intrusive procedures
-Preschoolers: they fear bodily mutilation
-School-age children: they fear loss of control of their bodies
-Adolescents: their major concern is change in body image
-Major cause of death in children and adolescents - -Accidents; teach
parents and children developmentally appropriate safety and accident-
prevention techniques
-History required for vaccine administration - -DTaP: history of reactions,
seizures, neurologic symptoms after previous vaccine, or systemic allergic
reactions
MMR: history of anaphylactic reaction to eggs or neomycin
Note: the common cold is not a contraindication for vaccinations
, -Immunization teaching to parents - --Irritability, fever of 102ºF, redness
and soreness at injection site for 2-3 days are normal side effects of DTaP
and IPV
-Call HCP if seizures, high fever, or high-pitched crying occurs
-Warm washcloth on thigh injection and "bicycling" the legs with each diaper
change decreases soreness
-Tylenol every 4-6 hours
-German measles (Rubella) - -Nurse should counsel expectant mothers
because any child with this disease poses a threat to their unborn siblings
-Pediculosis - -Infestation of lice (head lice usually), which affects the scalp
and hair. Appears as small white flakes on the shaft of the hair. Treatment is
directed toward killing the adult lice, combing out the nits, and using a hair
product containing permethrin or pyrethin
-Urinary output for infants and children - -Should be 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr
-Poisoning or ingestion in children - -Syrup of ipecac is no longer
recommended. It is not best practice to induce vomiting in any way because
it may cause more damage. Teach parents to call poison control center for
any concerns
-To prevent lead poisoning - -Make sure the child is getting adequate iron
intake to prevent excess lead absorption. More lead is absorbed on an empty
stomach. Hot water can contain higher levels of lead because it dissolves
more quickly that cold water. Only use cold water for consumption (drinking,
cooking, and making infant formulas)
-What measurements in children reflect present nutritional status? - -
Weight, skin-fold thickness, and arm circumference
-Early signs of lead poisoning - -Anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain,
vomiting, constipation, anorexia, headache, lethargy, hyperactivity,
aggression, impulsiveness, decreased interest in play, irritability, short
attention span
-Cystic fibrosis nutrition - -A child needs 150% of the usual calorie intake for
normal growth and development
-Epiglottitis - -DO not examine the throat of a child with epiglottitis because
of the risk of obstructing the airway completely
-Priority of nursing care (any age) - -Always the patency of the airway!
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