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Module 6: Structure and function of DNA
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Module 6: Structure and function of DNA detailed notes with pictures and recommended reading.
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Lecturer Biochemical properties of Rnawhat is ribonucleic acid Irma
Rna is the product of transcription from a Dna template
there is notimes more rna than Dnain a cell
several kinds of Rna play key roles in genes expression
chemicalstructure
ribose is used in place of deoxyribose
ribose contains a on hydroxyl whereas deoxyribose lacks one oxygen
makes rnaless stable than Dna
R on cytidine
Ribonucleoside
mum 2 deoxyribonucleoside R H deoxy
cytidine
lack oxygen
man
the base uracil is used in place of thymine
uracil does not have a methylC chs
u like t can base pair by hydrogen bonding with a
Biological roles of RNA
transfer of information from Dna to protein
messenger Rna mrna codes for proteins
synthesis of proteins
ribosomal Rna rrna and transfer trna move Rna to ribosomes
processing or messenger Rna
small nuclear Rna snrna involved in splicing introns from premessenger Rna
processing and modification of ribosomal Rna
small nucleolar rna snorna processing andmodifying ribosomal Rna
catalytic RNA
self splicing introns
natural and artificially created ribozymes
Rna content or a cell
a single cell contains nopg no g Rna
80 8s's ribosomal Rna zoosand 18s
no est low min species trnas small nuclear Rnas etc
a si mrnas
Physical properties of Rna
RNA is generally singlestranded
Rna canbase pair with itself into complex structureslustable the ribose andphosphatehairis hydrophilic
folds up into a particular shape not mania
ability Rna has to fold into complex 3D structures allows some Rna molecules to have precise
nm mm
, stemloopstructures
areasor seir complementarity natural form
wherepolynucleotide chain
Does this in moststable
way to form a structure
m
Rna secondary structure formation
sequence in topgreen is identical to lower red
cacocacote coaccocca
Rna sequence complementary to 3 as Dna strand
when RNA is transcribed this happens sequence pairs with itself
regulation of the amount or usage or certain Rnas is important for their function
regulated degradation once Rna is produced it can be degraded or it can be stabalized
when rna is produced the molecule is unstable and can be broken downchemically
If you can change the stability of an rna molecule it is a good way of regulating the
synthesis of proteins
a goodexample is transferrin receptor mrna
translation efficiency can control the usage or certain Rnas
proteins
at which
efficiencies Rna is translated may be changed
example ferritin mania
Both of these are properties of untranslated regions
are controlled by utrs
regions that are transcribed but not translated that play a crucial role in Rna biology
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