Exam (elaborations)
PAEA Pediatrics EOR Topics (Questions & Answers)
- Course
- Institution
PAEA Pediatrics EOR Topics (Questions & Answers)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
LeCrae
Reviews received
Content preview
PAEA Pediatrics EOR TopicsPAEA Pediatrics EOR Exam Topic List Quiz - used PPP, previous study guides,
and Current Diagnosis and Tx: Pediatrics, 23rd edition
what is the MC conjunctivitis seen in children? what is the cause? source?
Correct Ans - viral conjunctivitis; Adenovirus; swimming pools
Dx? preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge, scanty
mucoid discharge, usually unilateral with punctate staining on slit lamp
examination; Tx? Correct Ans - dx: viral conjunctivitis
tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines for itching
(Olopatadine)
Dx? bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge, chemosis
(conjunctival swelling) with cobblestone appearance to inner/upper eyelids;
Tx? Correct Ans - dx: allergic conjunctivitis
tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine,
Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine), topical NSAID (ketorolac), topical
corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma, cataracts, HSV keratitis)
Dx? purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes, absence of ciliary
injection; Tx? Correct Ans - dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S. aureus,
Strep pneumo, H. influenzae)
tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides,
aminoglycosides); if contact lens wearer cover for pseudomonas w/
fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
if bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea what is the tx?
Correct Ans - admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? if left untreated can develop what? Correct
Ans - ophthalmia neonatorum; corneal ulceration, opacification/scarring,
visual impairment/blindness
standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent ophthalmia
neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) includes: Correct Ans -
,erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver nitrate, or povidone-
iodine
if ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on day 1 after
birth what is the most likely cause? day 2-5? day 5-7? day 7-11? Correct
Ans - day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause- prophylaxis is what can cause
the condition)
day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection in most
commonly what age group? Correct Ans - sinus; 7-12y; other causes
include dental/facial infxns or bacteremia
what is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes secondary orbital
cellulitis? what organisms are the cause? Correct Ans - ethmoid; S.
aureus, Strep. pneumo, GABHS (Strep. pyogenes), H. influenzae
work up/Dx? decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement, proptosis (bulging
eye), eyelid erythema and edema; tx? Correct Ans - dx: orbital cellulitis
work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
what is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis?
Correct Ans - preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and swelling
but NO visual changes or pain w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't affected the muscles)
misalignment of the eyes is aka? when does stable ocular alignment present in
infants? Correct Ans - strabismus; 2-3 mos
convergent strabismus is aka? divergent strabismus is aka? Correct Ans -
convergent: esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
a + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind spots), or
amblyopia (lazy eye) are clinical manifestations of what condition? what other
tests can be performed? Correct Ans - strabismus; cover-uncover test
to determine the angle of strabismus, cover test, convergence testing
,how can strabismus be treated? Correct Ans - -patch therapy: normal
eye is covered to stimulate and strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative therapy
if not treated before 2 y/o, amblyopia may occur and cause decreased visual
acuity that is not correctable
Dx? 1-2 days of ear pain, pruritis in the ear canal, auricular discharge,
pressure/fullness, hearing usually preserved, pain with tug test and tragus
pressure, auditory canal erythema/edema/debris, recent swimming pool use;
MC organisms? Tx? Correct Ans - Dx: otitis externa
MC organisms: *pseudomonas*, proteus, s. aureus, s. epidermis, GABHS,
anaerobes (peptostreptococcus), aspergillus
Tx: 1. protect ear against moisture (isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid) 2.
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (ofloxacin safe if there is an associated TM perf)
3. Aminoglycoside combo (neomycin/polytrim-B/hydrocortisone -BUT not
used if perf suspected bc ototoxic 4. amphotericin B if fungal
malignant otitis externa is osteomyelitis at the skull base secondary to
___________ infxn; MC seen in what pt populations; Tx? Correct Ans -
pseudomonas; MC in DM and immunocompromised pts; Tx w/ IV Ceftazidime
or Piperacillin + FQ or Aminoglycoside
acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, temporal bone and mastoid
air cells that is MC preceded by Correct Ans - a viral URI that causes
edema of eustachian tube, negative pressure, transudation of fluid and mucus
in middle ear that allows for bacterial growth
what are the 4 MC organisms seen in acute otitis media? Correct Ans -
*Strep pneumo*, H. influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes (same as
seen in acute sinusitis)
Dx: fever, otalgia, ear tugging in infants, conductive hearing loss, stuffiness,
possible drainage from ear, bulging/erythematous TM w/ effusion, dec TM
mobility on pneumatic otoscopy; Tx? Correct Ans - dx: acute otitis
media
, tx: 1st line- amoxicillin, 2nd line- augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulate); if PCN
allergy- azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole,
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, if PCN adverse effect but not allergy-
ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixine
don't forget to treat pain as well (ibuprofen or tylenol); can also perform
myringotomy (surgical drainage) to relieve pain
tympanostomy if recurrent >4 times in 1 yr
if bullae are seen on the TM of a pt with AOM what should you suspect?
Correct Ans - mycoplasma pneumoniae
Dx? deep ear pain (worse at night), fever, mastoid tenderness and possibly
fluctuance (abscess), following AOM infxn; complications? Correct Ans -
-dx: mastoiditis (inflammation of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone-
mastoid and middle ear are connected)
-complications: hearing loss, labyrinthitis, vertigo, CN VII paralysis, brain
abscess
how is mastoiditis diagnosed and treated? Correct Ans - dx: by CT scan
is 1st line test
tx: IV abx (same as w/ AOM- amoxicillin 1st line, augmentin 2nd line,
azithromycin for allergy to PCN, ceftriaxone for ADR to PCN) + middle
ear/mastoid drainage (myringotomy +/- tympanostomy tube placement- can
obtain Cx)
if mastoiditis refractory to tx or complicated = mastoidectomy
what are the 2 auditory examination tests (and what order do you perform
them in)? Correct Ans - 1st Weber (tuning fork placed on top of head)
2nd Rinne (tuning fork placed on mastoid bone by ear)
if a child has conductive hearing loss in their L ear what will the Weber and
Rinne tests show? Correct Ans - Weber: lateralizes to L ear
Rinne: BC > AC
if a child has sensorineural hearing loss in the R ear what will the Weber and
Rinne tests show? Correct Ans - Weber: lateralizes to L ear (the
normal one)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now