Grade 12 Chemistry Notes on Equilibrium. These notes contain topics spanning from equilibrium constants, the law of chemical equilibrium, le chatelier's principle, reaction quotient, Ksp solubility product, solubility constant, the common ion effect on solubility, Ka/Kb, and titration of a weak aci...
EQUILIBRIUM
Learning Goal
To understandwhat a systemin equilibrium is and to write an expression for such a system
cozy H2oin acosiag
in blood
reactionhappens bothwaysinbody
Equilibrium Reactants constantly makingproductsProducts constantly making reactantsTherate of bothprocesse
is the same
You canonly use stoichiometry when ran is one directional fourcar bodies to makefourcars reactants iproduct
Examplesof system in equilibrium
cascooncan t H ÉÉÉiÉ
É oo thot Bases
aceticacid
Accept
weak acid
ownmessnotproduction
produce it sot Acids
eactantsfavoured meaninghigherconcentra ateq Donate
Hfcaa Hoonm I reactants
Fia azot.ae
weakacid productsareformed
meaningnigherconcentrate
at eq
B
product
isfavoured
is
reactant
favoured noside
favoured
t t t
ea ea ca
v e
rewaerrer
rew rrev
tea
equiliriumconstants Expressions
Nao anoconestepran
Fwdranratelaw in kaenzoat
revranratelaw irreikrevino
Ateg rewa rrer sokewainson krevenor
Kea Kawa No
krer casual
keg products
reactant
, product
as isfavoured
as is
reactant
favoured in no side
favoured
us ca
ca
t
et ta ca
Kea B Kea B Kea B
A CA CA
kegs Kegel keg
Ex
Hei tho i Hotter
kegs so si
lo's
notin equilibrium
att t bB cat dD dib d are coefficients
Assumeits onestep
d
keg I c a state must beeither aqueous or gas
c be ex a chunkof copperwon'timpact
ratedissolvedcopperwillcausereactions
solid liquidstates thosereactantshavean
activityof andarenotin
thekeg expression
Ex
songtongs 2503cg
keg so
so con
Ex
cacotilais t tho cation t zoning throw
salt
insoluble
Kegel
keg cons ca
homogeneous isamestates
eg heterogeneous idifferentstates
introto Equilibrium
Manyreactionsarereversible
AtB acts
1Reactionbegins d
2 No productsyetformed 6collisionbetweenreactants to rate of reverse reaction
3 Highrateofcollisionsbetween decrease toDynamicEQuillbrium established
AandB 7 Rate of forwardreaction 11concentrationsconstant
g DECREASES
time
Theequilibrium reactiondoesnot mean the amountsofproducts andreactantsareequal
Equilibrium is shifted to the left if productsreactmore easily thanthereactants
conce reactants
There will be higherconcentration of reactants ntra
tion products
Ratioof products
Reactants time
would be Lessthan one
I
the equilibrium positionwilllie in the MIDDLE if the reactants andproducts conc ntra reactants
both have similar reaction rates tion products
there will be the same concentration
time
of reactantsandproducts
Ratio of products
reactants
would beequalto one
If reactants reactmoreeasilythanthe products the equilibriumis shifted conce products
to the right tion reactants
Therewillbe higher concentration of products
time
Ratioof products
reactants
wouldbe GREATERTHANONE
Equilibrium is whenthe rate of the forward and backward reaction are occurring at the same time
oproduct isconstantly beingproduced and reverted at the sametime resulting in a steadyvolume ofreactant
andproduct
Tugof war where no onewins
chemical equilibrium is not static butdynamic
it is notthatchemicalsare not reacting
Theyare simply reacting in opposite directions atrateswhichkeep the netchargeo
Forward andreverse reactions in one chemical formula are combinedbyusing a reversiblereactionarrow so
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