FISDAP Operations - Study Guide completed with
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1. Immunizations to prevent communicable disease (such as, but not limited to, meningitis)
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
• DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Tetanus)
• Meningitis, Hepatitis A + B ONLY, Polio, Varicella (Chickenpox)
• VACCINE: Bacterial Meningitis = “Haemophilus” H.influenza type B
• Majority viral vaccines
• Bacterial vaccines: tetanus toxoid (causes trismus/lockjaw), meningitis, typhoid
• Influenza virus (flu; provided annually)
2. Evaluation criteria for rapid extrication
➢ 1) Unsafe scene: fuel leaking, fire, etc
➢ 2) Unstable patient condition
➢ 3) One patient blocking a more critical (airway compromised, AMS, hypoperfusion) patient
• Maintain c-spine stabilization, prepare for move to longboard/spinal board
• Remember; environmental hazards relate to time of day, weather, temp, and ambient lighting
• Technical Rescue: high angle, vehicle extrication, trench, ice/swiftwater,
hazardous materials
• If appear critical (bleeding to airway, AMS, hypoperfusion), apply cervical collar, rotate
patient as a unit, place backboard on seat, and remove from car by sliding on backboard =
RAPID EXTRICATION. Following removal, then do rapid head-to-toe. IV and other skills
should be performed en route to hospital. Vest device takes too long to apply!
3. Commonly prescribed diabetic medications
• TYPE I (Insulin): Levemir, Lantus, Byetta, Humalog
• TYPE II (Enhances insulin production): Glucophage, metformin, glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
• EMS: 25g of Dextrose (D50) – hypertonic, can cause tissue necrosis, IV Push
1mg Glucagon – Causes glycogen to be released from liver/muscles, IM
• Hypoglycemic patient given D50, now alert but confused; asks same question over and over.
RESPOND = Repeat the truth/tell them what happened each time. Keeps patient aware of
surroundings.
REMEMBER, patient who is hypoglycemic (ie 40 mg/dL) and denies IV/dextrose
, MUST BE INFORMED of risks! Thus, explain they can go into a coma and die; make sure they
are aware of this
4. Types of extrication devices and tools
• Scoop stretcher = Great for hip/pelvic fractures; excellent support; metal frame; NO log roll
needed; SPINAL SUPPORT
, • Stokes basket/litters = Great for moving over rough terrain; use SIX people
• Folding stretcher = LESS support than scoop; better for 2nd patient to be strapped to bench seat
• Stair chair = move patient in tight spaces, down stairs safely, good for stroke,
nausea, cardiac; NO spine support!
• Rescue = “figure eight on a bight/bite” = secure loop at the working end of a rope, can attach to a
person, fixed object, or piece of equipment. More secure than a standard figure 8. Half hitch NOT
secure. Hitch knot only to ROUND object.
5. Methods to developing EMS research
Mean = average of the numbers
• Median = midpoint number
• Mode = Most frequent number
• Overall, research validates existing treatments/protocols, provides better patient care, and improves
EMS system
• Case Control – TWO groups; one w/ injury and other w/o or patients with same
injury & diff outcomes. Considered observational, neg = lots of variables. Looking for causative
factors of condition
• Prospective – Controlled, randomized, participants followed FORWARD in time,
high consistency
• Cohort = groups of people with common characteristics (age, living conditions, personal habits).
Ex: determining assoc. of smoking + lung cancer. Over time, group will divide into those who
smoke and those who don’t. Determine similiarities between those groups.
• Retrospective – Occur AFTER event taken place (review of all chest pain PCRs);
however, no control over patient pop, not randomized, gathered data not designed for specific
study
• Randomized – Divided into control/study groups randomly = no bias. Impractical
due to nature of EMS. Computer program better to randomize.
• Single blind study = Patient OR provider do not know if standard therapy or research therapy is
being given
• ***Double blind study = Both patient/provider do not know if standard/research
therapy is being given. NO BIAS + PROVIDE BEST EVIDENCE REGARDING
EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT***
• We collect data regarding illness and injury prevention programs is to obtain
funding for the programs, target the appropriate groups with education and other interventions, and
then measure the success of our programs.
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