Calt Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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1. alphabetic language: English; meaning symbols and letters reflect pronuncia-
tion of a sound; ESL students' first lang may not be alphabetic because they use
symbols; phonological knowledge must be taught, so alphabet needs to be taught
2. A...
1. alphabetic language: English; meaning symbols and letters reflect pronuncia-
tion of a sound; ESL students' first lang may not be alphabetic because they use
symbols; phonological knowledge must be taught, so alphabet needs to be taught
2. Alphabetic Principle: an understanding that letters and letter patterns repre-
sent the sounds of spoken words.
3. Analytic Phonics: In this approach, instruction begins with the identification of a
familiar word. The teacher then introduces a particular sound/spelling relationship
within that familiar word
4. Synthetic Phonics: In this systematic and explicit approach, students learn to
transform letters and letter combinations into sounds and then the sounds together
to form recognizable words. Teach individual parts and build to whole
5. auditory discrimination: The ability to hear differences in sounds
6. auditory span: the number of words, numbers, or sounds a student can hold in
his working memory. Can limit dictation or note taking.
7. blend: two or more sounds that are frequently grouped together- each sound
can be separated into its individual components
8. cedilla: a diacritical mark (,) placed below the letter c to indicate that it is
pronounced as an s
9. circumflex: the code marked placed over vowels to indicate an unusual pronun-
ciation
10. compensatory approach: one does not attempt to remediate the problem but
instead recommends modifications within the learning environment which allows
the student to be successful
11. Cloze Procedure: The use of semantic and syntactic clues to aid in completing
sentences."Fill in the blank"
12. Coding: putting code marks on words- encourages kinesthetic involvement
and discourages guessing
13. combination: a pattern of letters which occurs frequently together. They form
an unexpected sound (vr's, qu, wh)
14. comorbid: two or more disorders in the same individual
15. consonant: sounds that are blocked or partially blocked by the tongue teeth
and lips
16. Decoding: using the sound/symbol system and structural analysis to unlock
unfamiliar words (synthetic)
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, Calt Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
17. derivative: adding a prefix or a suffix to a base word
18. diacritical markings: a mark indicating pronunciation
19. dieresis: two dots over an a (a)
20. diphthong: The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single
syllable or running together the sounds. (ow, oi)
21. discovery method: Presentation of new material which can be deduced or
discovered by the students (Socratic Method)
22. Dolch List: high frequency word list which may be regular or irregular
23. crossed, mixed dominance: the student who is NOT right handed, right eyed,
and right footed or left handed, left eyed, left footed
24. Dyscalculia: unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct
part of the brain
25. Encoding: to spell (analytic)
26. etymology: the study of word origins
27. Fernald: developed a kinesthetic system for teaching the deaf by tracing
words. Orton used her work as his kinesthetic model and was influenced by her
work.
28. Grapheme: Letter or group of letters used to spell a phoneme. A written
representation of a sound using one or more letters.
29. irregular words: Words that contain letters that stray from the most common
sound pronunciation; words that do not follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were,
was, laugh, been).
30. linguistics: study of the production, properties, structure, meaning and use of
language. "Multisensory letter introduction"
31. Mathew Effect: the widening gap over time between strong and weak readers-
rich get richer, poor get poorer
32. metalinguistic awareness: the ability to reflect on the use of language; meta:
thinking about. This includes phonological awareness, decoding, encoding
33. mnuemonics: a device used to assist memory
34. Modality: the sense a person is using (auditory, visual, kinesthetic)
35. Morpheme: in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a
single phoneme, single syllable, or multisyllabic. A word may have more than one
morpheme (sleepiness)
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