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HMX IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/169 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)
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HMX IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/169 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)
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HMX IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAMSTUDY GUIDE/169 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (A+)
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) -
√Answer :Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells
Quiz :Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response
(2 types) - √Answer :Monocytes and neutrophils
Quiz :Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) -
√Answer :Macrophages and neutrophils
Quiz :Difference between macrophages and
neutrophils? - √Answer :Neutrophils are short lived and
will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe;
macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic
cells and waste
Quiz :General cytokine role in innate immune response
(and what cells release them?) - √Answer :Released by
dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-
inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel
endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and
proteins into tissue
Quiz :Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release
histamine upon activation? - √Answer :Mast cell
Quiz :Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of
molecule within blood vessel walls? -
√Answer :Adhesion molecules
,Quiz :E-Selectin - √Answer :An adhesion molecule that
helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate
immune response (low-affinity interaction)
Quiz :E-Selectin Ligand - √Answer :A ligand expressed
by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood
vessel endothelium in innate immune response
Quiz :ICAM-1 - √Answer :An adhesion molecule that
helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel
endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity
interaction)
Quiz :Integrins (and the name of a specific one) -
√Answer :A class of adhesion molecules expressed on
circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high
affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory
response
Quiz :Stable Arrest - √Answer :When a circulating
leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium
thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter
the tissue
Quiz :Pus - √Answer :Comprised of fluid and apoptotic
cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory response
(DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Quiz :Psoriasis overview - √Answer :Autoimmune
disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin
plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the
skin and initiating an inflammatory response
, Quiz :Psoriasis risk factors - √Answer :History of strep
infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
Quiz :TNF-alpha in psoriasis - √Answer :A pro-
inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that
recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly
on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
Quiz :Psoriasis treatment (biologics) - √Answer :Target
the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore
prevent the expression of adhesion molecules on
endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting
directly on epithelial cells
Quiz :Possible side effects of medications that block
adhesion molecules - √Answer :Susceptibility to
infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
Quiz :Most abundant leukocyte - √Answer :Neutrophils
Quiz :What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly
effective against? - √Answer :Extracellular bacterial
infections
Quiz :Plasmacytoid dendritic cell - √Answer :A type of
sentinel cell that detects viruses and releases type 1
interferons
Quiz :Type 1 Interferons (Type 1 IFNs) function and the
cell that is most efficient at producing them -
√Answer :Group of cytokines that activate the antiviral
state during viral infection; Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
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