TEST BANK for Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation 4th Edition by Chang David. ISBN 7348 (All Chapters 1-18). TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Principles of Mechanical Ventilation Chapter 2: Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation Chapter 3: Classification of Mechanical Ventilators Chapter 4...
Chapter 1: Principles of Mechanical Ventilation TRUE/FALSE 1. When a patient fails to ventilate or oxygenate adequately, the problem is caused by pathophysiological factors such as hyperventilation. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Introduction 2. One of the most common causes of increased airway resistance is COPD. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 3. Airway resistance varies directly with the diam eter of the airway or ET tube and inversely with the length. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 4. Low compliance measurements are usually related to conditions that increase the patient’ s functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Lung Compliance 5. When looking at the pressure -volume loop, a shift of the slope toward the pressure axis indicates a decrease in compliance. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Lung Complianc e MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. One of the most frequent uses of mechanical ventilation is for the management of postoperative patients recovering from ____. a. apnea and impending respiratory arrest b. anesthesia and medications c. acute severe asthma and heart failure d. acute brain injury and flail chest ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Introduction 2. Normal airway resistance in healthy adults is between 0.5 to ____ cm H 2O/L/sec. a. 1.5 c. 2.5 b. 2.0 d. 3.0 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 3. Based on Poiseuille’s Law, the work of breathing increases by factor of ____ when the radius (r) of the airway is reduced by half its original size. a. 8-fold c. 13-fold b. 10-fold d. 16-fold ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 4. ____ occurs when the patient’s minute ventilation cannot keep up with CO 2 production. a. Ventilatory failure c. Oxygenation failure b. Refractory hypoxemia d. Deadspace ventilation ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 5. Which of the following is calculated by C = DV/DP? a. oxygenation failure c. dynamic compliance b. static compliance d. lung compliance ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Lung Compliance 6. For critically -ill patients, the dynamic compliance is between 30 and ____ mL/cm H 2O. a. 40 c. 60 b. 50 d. 70 ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Lung Compliance 7. For critically -ill patients, the static compliance is between 40 and ____ mL/cm H2O. a. 50 c. 70 b. 60 d. 80 ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Lung Compliance 8. Which of the following is defined as wasted ventilation, or a condition in which ventilation is in excess of perfusion? a. ventilatory failure c. refractory hypoxemia b. deadspace ventilation d. oxygenation failure ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Deadspace Ventilation 9. ____ occurs when the ventilated alveoli are not adequately perfused by pulmonary circulation. a. Alveolar deadspace c. Physiologic deadspace b. Anatomic deadspace d. Arterial deadspace ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Deadspace Ventilation 10. Hypercapnia, which involves an increase in ____, is the key feature of ventilatory failure. a. PCO 2 c. FIO2 b. PIO2 d. PaCO 2 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ventilatory Failure 11. Which of the following is the difference between tidal volume and deadspace volume? a. minute alveolar ventilation c. (V/Q) ratio b. alveolar volume d. physiologic deadspace ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ventilatory Failure 12. The gas diffusion coefficient for carbon dioxide is ____ times greater than that for oxygen. a. 10 c. 17 b. 14 d. 19 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ventilatory Failure 13. The classic physiologic shunt equation ____. a. requires only an arterial blood sample b. requires an arterial blood sample and a mixed venous blood sample c. requires only a venous blood sample d. does not require a blood sample ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ventilatory Failure 14. ____ is reduced oxygen in the body organs and tissues. a. Hypoxemia c. Anemia b. Tachypnea d. Hypoxia ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Oxygenation Failure 15. Which of the following is a clinical example of a condition that may lead to ventilatory pump failure? a. emphysema c. pulmonary embolism b. hyperkalemia d. COPD ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Clinical Conditions Leading To Mechanical Ventilation COMPLETION 1. Regardless of the diagnosis or disease state, patients who require mechanical ve ntilation generally have developed _______________, oxygenation failure, or both. ANS: ventilatory failure PTS: 1 REF: Introduction 2. In mechanical ventilation, the degree of airway resistance is primarily affected by the length, size, and patency of the airway, endotracheal tube, and _______________. ANS: ventilator circuit PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 3. In a clinical setting, _______________ may result if the patient is unable to overcome the airway resistance by increasing the work of breathi ng. ANS: hypoventilation PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 4. A(n) _______________ bowing of the P -V loop suggests an overall increase in airflow resistance. ANS: increased PTS: 1 REF: Airway Resistance 5. In a clinical setting, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and _______________ are two causes of increased work of breathing. ANS: atelectasis PTS: 1 REF: Lung Compliance
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