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Summary Mind maps for AQA Psychology A level Biopsychology
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Mind maps of all biopsychology content needed for AQA A level psychology paper 2. (evaluation included)
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BiopsychologyPostmortem (after death) Evaluation ofEEG's
(EEG)
↳ Invasive
Electro-encephalogram
+
useful in
studying stages sleep
of as well as
↳ non-invasive
·
brain
A
ofan individual thathad cognitive/behavioural abnormalities,
diagnosis ofepilepsy.
brain
·measurementofelectrical activity produced by as
can be disected in death to check for structural
damage.
Extremely high in
temporal resolution, detecting
+
recorded from electrodes placed on
scalp.
Any damage found is considered to be the area ofthe brain
responsible
·
millisecond.
activity ofa single ·Electrodes measure the
activity ofcells immediately under the
for their abnormal behaviour. +
Non-invasive electrode, so more electrodes picture brain
of
give us an overall
E.g Phineas Gage
activity.
Generalised
·
received,
-
nature not
ofinformation
useful in
pinpointing exact
source neural
of
activity
Evaluation ofpostmortem
cannotreveal deeper.
-
t vital in
providing a foundation for early under
standing key
of
processes
in the brain.
58
+ Event-related potentials CERP's L
Broca+Wernicke both relied on
postmortem studies
continues
WAYS OF INVESTIGATING ↳ non-invasive
provide
I
to useful information.
THE
BRAIN ·same electrode method as EEG's.
-
studies. Observed brain
·
However brain waves are
triggered from specific cognitive task
causation is an issue within these
damage to the
may
notbe
event.
linked with defects, may be unrelated trauma.
statistical technique to filter out
extraneous brain
ang
Raises ethical issues consentfrom individual before death. Ppts not
-
of can
give
activity.
informed consent.
small
-
sizes:
l acks
sample validity
Evaluation ofFMRI
+Doesn'tu se radiation like do. Therefore
Functional magnetic (FMRI) x-rays
resonance
imaging
there are no risks as it's safe, effective non-invasive.
-
↳ non-invasive
in blood levels in brain. the +Produces
high resolution Imm
of detail
of Evaluation ERP's
of
·measures
changes oxygen When a partof brain is
(P spatial resolution
active ituses more
oxygen as more blood directed to it.
Chaemodynamic response) +
Specify measurements of neural processes
·Amount blood's magnetic properties be picked
ofoxygen changes meaning
it
can
+High temporal resolution
activation
up on the scan. Creates an
map. -
very expensive (2750,885)
·
Active areas are shown up in red.
only produces image ifperson is
-
clear
staying -
Lack ofstandardisation so
difficultto confirm findings.
Still.
-
Relies on
specialistto analyse data.
Poor temporal (5 second
lay)
-
resolution
, Biopsychology
Broca and Wernicke Phineas Gage Evaluation
↳ Firstt wo scientists who
investigated the brain in
specific
·
metre length pole through leftcheek, most
ofhis left Lot's ofevidence that
+
neurological functions are
patients. frontal lobe localised in and
gone. particularly relation to
language
studied understand Phineas temperament following
·Broca Tan as he could previously speak still
wage experienced a
change in
·
memory.
information. the accident
suggesting the frontal lobe
may
be responsible ·E.g Peterson et
al used brainscans to show how
Ton had lesion lefthemisphere mood. taskand
for regulating wernicke's
during
·
on area was active a
listening
Brocas is
key componentofcomplex network. Broca's area
area speech was active in a
reading task.
SPEECH PRODUCTION IMPAIRED, SPEECH COMPREHENSION INTACT
·Wernicke found patients with lesion on
lefttemporal lobe could -
Some
psychologists have a more holistic
approach
speakbutnotunderstand information. The worko fKarl Lashley suggests that
higher cognitive
·
SPEECH PRODUCTION INTACT, SPEECH COMPREHENSION IMPAIRED functions such as
processes involved in
learning are not
localised but
m ore holistic.
removed
·E.g Lashley areas ofthe i n rats
cortex when
occured
learning a maze.
Learning in all areas of
Cortex.
LOCALISATION OF
FUNCTION
BRAIN
IN THE + evidence
Neurosurgical
behaviour.
removing destroying parts
↳
ofthe brain to control
c entral sulcus
sensory cortex
·Early attempts brutal
imprecise
=
+
cortex Functions
motor
·Neurosurgery is still used
today with extreme cases
Frontal 10be:
ofOCD and depression.
1. A
holds motor area
·E.g Dougherty al
et reported 44 OCD patients who
-
on
PARIETAC
LUBE responsible for voluntary movement
of body had
undergone a
cingulatory. I/3 were successful.
and
Planning future behaviour
initiating behaviour. ·
suggests mental disorders are localised.
occipital Broca's crea SiM +
regulation ofemotion.
1062
TEMPORA (speech) Parietal lobe:
holds -
somatosensory area Temporal lobe:
responsible for importantfor body sense holds -
auditory area
Wernicke's wea senses from the skin. responsible for heaving and
memory
(speech comprehension)
Brainstem occipital lobes: vital to
language ability.
Cerebellum
holds -
visual area
responsible for vision
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