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Database IB Math Applications and Interpretation SL IA - Investigating the relationship between Human Development Index & case-fatality rate of COVID-19 $7.99
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IB Mathematics Applications and Interpretations SL
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Database IB Math Applications and Interpretation SL IA - Investigating the relationship between Human Development Index & case-fatality rate of COVID-19
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IB Mathematics Applications and Interpretations SL
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Mathematics - Applications and Interpretation
This document is a database Internal Assessment for Ib Math Applications and Interpretation SL that investigates the relationship between Human Development Index & case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in countries as of November 13, 2020. This can help you get a high mark for your IB Math AI course and g...
IB Mathematics Applications and Interpretations SL
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Math Applications and Interpretation SL Internal Assessment
Investigating the relationship between Human Development Index
& case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in countries as of November 13,
2020
, 2
Introduction
Due to a multitude of reasons, each country has handled the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
differently. Where I live, the United Arab Emirates, there have been commendable efforts to
keep the spread and impact of COVID-19 at a minimum. However, when I compared this to my
country of origin, India, the situation seemed much more different. I hypothesized that this could
be due to the different levels of development in the respective countries; India is a developing
country with a weak healthcare system and low literacy rates that could otherwise facilitate
awareness about the right pandemic safety measures while on the other hand; the UAE is a
developed country with a good healthcare system in place and a well-educated society that is
likely better informed on ways to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19. Past research has
shown that public health outcomes are associated with indicators of human development, such as
education, employment and income, probably because these variables impact access to public
health infrastructure and general health of populations (Torkian et al.). Thus, I decided to make
use of this investigation to test this hypothesis utilizing a range of different countries and see if
human development is in fact linked to the severity of COVID-19.
Case-fatality rate is one way to measure the burden of COVID-19 in a country. It can be defined
as the proportion of people who die from a disease among all individuals diagnosed with the
disease over a certain period of time (“Case Fatality Rate”). Case-fatality rates of COVID-19
vary across countries due to a number of factors. For example, due to poorly built healthcare
systems, mortality counts may rise as hospitals become overwhelmed due to lack of resources.
On the other hand, Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric by which the average
achievement of a country in key dimensions of human development is measured (“Human
Development Index”). It incorporates various indicators of development such as education, per
capita income, life expectancy and healthcare. An HDI value of 0.75 or higher is usually
considered as a sign of a developed country. Therefore, my assumption is that countries with a
high HDI value will have citizens that have better access to healthcare and better education to be
informed about safety measures to take during the pandemic, resulting in a lower case-fatality
rate due to the COVID-19 virus, and vice versa for countries with low HDI.
Plan of Investigation
I will be analyzing the case-fatality rates of COVID-19 with respect to the Human Development
Index (HDI) in 50 countries including UAE and India obtained through random sampling.
Although data from more countries would allow more room for analysis, in order to simplify the
investigation only 50 countries were used. To avoid personal bias, a list of all countries was
entered into an online randomizer (random.org) and the first 48 countries in the randomized list
were selected for analysis, the other two countries added were UAE and India.
Data for the Human Development Index of each country as of 2019 was taken from the UNDP
Human Development Reports website (found at: hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-
development-index-ranking), and the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per
country as of 13th November, 2020 were taken from the online World Health Organization
COVID-19 dashboard (found here: covid19.who.int/table/). I chose these databases as my
sources as they are run by reputable international organizations known to provide reliable
information and have a wealth of detailed datasets.
, 3
After processing the data, it will be plot on a scatter plot to visually assess the trend between
changes in HDI and case-fatality rate of COVID-19 and observe any outliers that may affect the
overall correlation. Following this, Karl Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient will
be calculated by hand to mathematically determine the strength of the linear correlation between
the two variables. Thereafter, the Chi-square test of independence will be employed for
hypothesis testing in order to test the statistical significance of the correlation obtained, using
which I can make my conclusion regarding the correlation between case-fatality rate of COVID-
19 and HDI.
Methodology
The raw data for all 50 countries extracted from the respective databases is as follows:
Table 1: Raw data for confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths (as of November 13, 2020) and HDI of each
country
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