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UGA History Exemption Exam: Post 1877
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UGA History Exemption Exam: Post 1877
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UGA History Exemption Exam: Post 1877Robert Smalls ✔️ Enslaved African American who, during and after the
American Civil War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed
himself, his crew and their families from slavery on May 13, 1862, by
commandeering a Confederate transport ship, the CSS Planter, in Charleston
harbor, and sailing it to freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union
Army
Ten Percent Plan ✔️ Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to
form its own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of
loyalty to the United States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or
lukewarm confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new
governments abolish slavery
Radical Republicans ✔️ After the Civil War, a group that believed the
South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes
too compassionate towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
Wade-Davis Bill ✔️ Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an
oath of future loyalty before the restoration process could begin
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly
supported the confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a
constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
,Railroads were the first ✔️ Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt ✔️ A railroad owner who built a railway
connecting Chicago and New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads
safer and more economical.
John D. Rockefeller ✔️ Established the Standard Oil Company, the
greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan ✔️ Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to
U.S. Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was
payed back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) ✔️ The riot took place in Chicago between
rioters and the police
It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of
unions, it also killed the Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor ✔️ 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers;
sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of
dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist
ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration ✔️ Practice where a single entity controls the
entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
,Horizontal Integration ✔️ Absorption into a single firm of several
firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that
level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 ✔️ Tried to civilize Indians and make them more
little settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native
culture
General Philip Sheridan ✔️ ordered by Grant to wage total war in
Shenandoah Valley in Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement ✔️ The last effort of Native Americans to
resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came
through as a religious movement.
Little Big Horn ✔️ General Custer and his men were wiped out by a
coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo ✔️ Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the
Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Bureau of Indian Affairs ✔️ A government agency created in the 1800s
to oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) ✔️ By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5
million immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern
Europe, in particular Italy and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping
political or religious persecution
, Immigration Restriction League ✔️ Founded in 1894 in Boston and
lobbied for national legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act ✔️ (1882) Denied any additional Chinese
laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to
immigrate
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) ✔️ Supreme Court decision in 1886
overturning San Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against
Chinese-owned laundries; established principle that equal protection of the
law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all Americans, not just
former slaves
At its peak between 1901 and the outbreak of WWI in 1914, ___________________
immigrants came to the United States ✔️ 13 Million
Urban Political Machines ✔️ Urban political machines sought to
control political power in major cities
They were often effective in providing their constituents with certain needs,
but they were very corrupt.
Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance ✔️ Grassroots movements
that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to
regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist
movement.
The People's Party (Populists) ✔️ In 1892 held a convention in Omaha
and put forth a remarkably reform minded plan
The sub-treasury plan
Government ownership of railroads
Graduated income tax
Government control of the currency
Recognition of the rights of laborers to form unions
Free coinage of silver
Tom Watson ✔️ Georgia's Best-Known Populist
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