Ethical Principles:
Autonomy- freedom from external control. Respect for patient autonomy refers to the
commitment to include patients in decisions about all aspects of care. Involving patients in
decisions about their care is now standard practice.
Veracity- devotion to the truth; in giving people information about their health care needs
facilitates autonomous choice and enhances personal decision-making. Health care professionals
may be tempted to withhold certain details when this is seen as serving the person’s best interests
or when family members demand it. It is sometimes difficult to determine how much and what
types of information will best serve a person’s needs.
Fidelity - the agreement to keep promises
Nonmaleficence- the avoidance of harm or hurt; not only the will to do good but the equal
commitment to do no harm.
Beneficence- taking positive actions to help others; implies that the best interests of the patient
remain more important than self-interest. It implies that nurses practice primarily as a service to
others, even in the details of daily work.
Justice- refers to fairness
Respect for People
Confidentiality- Act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nurse only
shares information about a patient with other nurses or health care providers who need to know
private information about a patient to provide care for him or her; information can only be shared
with the patient's consent.
Levels of Health Prevention/Promotion- Preventive measures can be applied at any stage along the
natural history of a disease, with the goal of preventing further progression of the condition.
Primary – BEFORE the condition occurs. Purpose to decrease the vulnerability of the pt to
disease or dysfunction. True prevention (examples: Health education, immunization, nutritional
programs, and physical fitness activities).
Secondary- EARLY DIAGNOSIS and prompt treatment. Pt with health problems and risk for
developing complications or worsening conditions. (Screening techniques treating early stages of
disease to limit disability and averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease).
Tertiary- RESTORATIN AND REHABILITATION. Restoring health or rehabbing to the maximum
level of functioning.
Nursing Process- The nursing process is a series of organized steps designed for nurses to provide
excellent care. A legal document to ensure it is written correctly
ADPIE
A) Assessment: nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the pt's health and/or situation (subjective
and objective). A physical examination of the patient.
1a. Subjective- That the pt, family member or witness informs you of pt condition.
Example: "pt stated I have pain in leg"
1b. Objective- Your scenes (look, touch, smell, and hear), the pts chart (pt history)
Example: "pt grimaced upon palpation of leg"
D) Diagnosis: Apply clinical judgment to the client's human response to actual or potential health problems
based on the assessment. nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnosis or issue.
~what is wrong with the patient?
~priorities that issues that pt has (acute, actual and risk/potential diagnosis).
Types:
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