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Geography Hazards: Volcanoes case study
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Includes info for eyjafjallajökull (E15) and Mount Merapi. Can be used for GCSE geography.
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Eyjafjallajökull volcano (HIC)Date: 20th March-23rd June 2010
Type: 500 metre fissure at a divergent plate boundary
Number of deaths: 0
Number of injuries: No exact number but people had short and long-term
respiratory issues.
Eruption happened under ice sheet, team + gases from molten rock
created ash.
Areas flooded, 700 evacuated
Ash poisoned animals and contaminated water supply.
Roads destroyed, perishable food wasted, damaged agricultural land.
Flights from 14th to 21st April disrupted leaving people stranded, loss of
trade and reduced 2.8m tonnes of CO2. The volcano released 150k
tonnes of CO2 every day.
Mount Merapi Volcano (LIC)
Date: 25th October-30th November 2010
Type: Composite volcano, convergent plate boundaries
Number of deaths: 353
Number of injuries: 577
Pyroclastic flow travelled 3km down populated mountain sides, burying
villages in 30cm of ash.
Volcanic ash fell up to 30km away and 6km into air, grounding flights.
Sulphur dioxide in air.
4th November, lahars formed.
Blocked roads and damage to agriculture.
210 evacuation centres built but 350,000 ended up homeless.
International aid from governments and NGOs helped move 2682
people to safer locations and provided food, water and treated people
with injuries.
Dams were built to hold back lahars, exclusion zone of 20km added,
improved prediction and evacuation measures.
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